Abstract:［Objective］ This study investigated the toxic effects of the food contaminant 3-monochloropropane -1,2-diol (3-MCPD ) on the human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK2) and examined the underlying mechanisms.［Methods］ Cell viability,morphology,mitochondrial function,enzyme activities,and apoptosis -associated proteins expressions were assessed using MTT assay,Hoechst 33342 staining,biochemical test kits and Western blot,respectively.［Results］］ Results showed a concentration -dependent decrease in cell viability when 3-MCPD was below 80 mmol/L for 24 h.Treatment with 20 and 30 mmol/L 3-MCPD over varying durations also led to a time -dependent reduction in cell viability.Additionally,3-MCPD at 20,40 and 60 mmol/L significantly increased LDH release,decrease mitochondrial membrane potential,and lowered ATP levels.Fluorescence microscopy revealed notable morphological changes,including bright blue fluorescence,nuclear shrinkage and apoptosis bodies.Furthermore,3-MCPD treatment downregulated the anti -apoptotic protein Bcl2,upregulated the pro -apoptotic protein Bax,and increased Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 activity in a dose -dependent manner.［Conclusion］ 3-MCPD exhibits toxic effects on HK 2 cells and induces apoptosis through a mitochondria -dependent pathway.

Abstract:［Objective］ This study aimed to develop a modification method to stabilize emulsions using molten -globule state egg white protein (MGEWP ).［Methods］ MGEWP was prepared through partial denaturation of egg white protein via pH induction.The synergistic effects of D-xylose and tannic acid on the emulsifying properties of MGEWP were analyzed.［Results］］ Increasing tannic acid concentration significantly elevated the turbidity and browning degree of D-xylose glycosylated MGEWP (X-MGEWP ) (P<0.05).Tannic acid facilitated the unfolding of X -MGEWP,exposing free sulfhydryl and active groups,which enhanced molecular flexibility,apparent viscosity,storage modulus and loss modulus (P<0.05).However,under extreme pH value treatment,the active groups of MGEWP were passivated,inhibiting the Maillard reaction with D-xylose.As a result,there was no significant difference in emulsification properties between glycosylated X -MGEWP and untreated MGEWP (P>0.05).The addition of tannic acid enhanced the emulsifying activity of X -MGEWP obviously (P<0.05),and it was dose -dependent with tannic acid concentration.［Conclusion］ The synergistic modification of MGEWP with D-xylose/tannic acid represents a promising method for enhancing the emulsifying properties of MGEWP,offering potential applications in emulsion stabilization.

Abstract:［Objective］ To achieve efficient and environmentally friendly degradation of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).［Methods］ This work employs a nucleic acid -mediated methodology to synthesize Prussian Blue Nanoflowers (PBNFs ) characterized by highly efficient photo -Fenton catalytic activity,investigating their photodegradation efficacy and mechanisms against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).［Results］］ The findings reveal that,under near -infrared light irradiation (NIR),0.5 μg/mL of AFB1 can be completely eliminated within 4 h,which is attributed to the exceptional photo -Fenton performance of the PBNFs photocatalyst.Optimization experiments indicate that increasing the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and PBNFs,along with enhancing light intensity,significantly facilitates the photocatalytic degradation of AFB1.Reactive oxygen species generated from H2O2 decomposition,triggered by NIR irradiation of PBNFs,effectively disrupt the terminal furan double bond and the benzene ring side chain of AFB1.Mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to elucidate the degradation products of AFB1,and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated a significant reduction in the toxicity of the AFB1 degradation products.The proposed method was applied to the degradation of AFB1 in three wine samples,achieving degradation rates of 66.6%,90.8%,and 63.4%,respectively.［Conclusion］ This method provides an efficient and environmentally benign approach to the degradation of AFB1 in food samples.

Abstract:［Objective］ This study aimed to investigate the effects of cross -linking,cross -linking oxidation and cross -linking oxidative acetylation on the physicochemical properties of arrowhead starch.［Methods］ Arrowhead starch was modified using epichlorohydrin as cross -linking agent,hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent,and acetic anhydride as acetylation agentto produce cross -linked starch,cross -linked oxidative starch,and cross -linked oxidative acetylation starch.The physicochemical and structural properties of these modified starches were analyzed.［Results］］ All three modified starches exhibited a type A crystalline structure with improved thermal stability.Crystallinity decreased by 1.93%,while the ratio of 1 047 cm-1/1 022 cm-1 increased,indicating a more ordered starch structure.Cross -linking oxidation enhanced the transparency and solubility of the starch,achieving the highest crystallinity among the modifications.Infrared spectroscopy revealed distinct C —O bonds associated with primary/secondary alcohol hydroxyl group at 1 011 cm-1 and the C—O—C stretching vibration of the glucoside bond at 857 cm-1 were very obvious.After acetylation,the coagulability,solubility of cross -linked oxidized starch were significantly improved,the crystallinity decreased by 24.91%,and the ratio of 1 047 cm-1/1 022 cm-1 declined,reflecting a reduction in structural order.［Conclusion］ Compound modification techniques can significantly enhance the quality of arrowhead starch.The appropriate modification method can be selected based on specific application requirements.

Abstract:［Objective］ This study aimed to isolate and screen bacteriocin -producing lactic acid bacteria from kimchi,identify the strains and investigate their antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus.［Methods］ S.aureus was employed as the indicator bacterium.Bacteriocin -producing strains were identified through acid elimination,hydrogen peroxide exclusion,and enzyme verification test.Physiological and biochemical identification,along with 16S rDNA sequencing,was conducted on the strains.The antibacterial properties of the bacteriocin extract were assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ) determination,growth curve analysis,biofilm staining,and scanning electron microscopy observations.［Results］］ A bacteriocin -producing strain,designated N -11,was successfully isolated and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.The MIC of the crude bacteriocin extract against S.aureus was found to be (17.50±0.25) mg/mL,demonstrating a significantly ability to inhibit both the growth and the biofilm formation of S.aureus.［Conclusion］ The crude extract producted by L.plantarum N-11 exhibits strong antibacterial effects against S.aureus,indicating its potential for further development and utilization in food preservation and safety applications.

Abstract:［Objective］ Combining convolutional neural networks and terahertz time -domain spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of the illegal additive melamine in milk powder.［Methods］ The terahertz absorption spectra of melamine,milk powder both individually and in mixtures were measured using a transmission -type terahertz time -domain spectroscopy system.Various methods such as Savitzky -Golay (S-G) smoothing,Gaussian smoothing,moving average,and R -Loess smoothing were employed to correct the original spectral data.A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was established,and the optimal terahertz spectroscopic correction preprocessing method was determined by comparing model evaluation criteria.The PLS model corrected with S -G smoothing was chosen for the quantitative analysis of the mixed samples.Quantitative regression models based on partial least squares (PLS),least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM ),backpropagation neural network (BPNN ),and convolutional neural network (CNN ) were separately established,and the content of melamine in the mixed samples was predicted.［Results］］ The correlation coefficients of the prediction set for the PLS,LS-SVM,BPNN,and CNN models were 0.997 1,0.997 7,0.998 1,and 0.998 7,respectively,with prediction set root mean square errors of 0.551%,0.494%,0.437%,and 0.374%,respectively.［Conclusion］ Compared to the other three models,the CNN regression model has the highest prediction accuracy and is more suitable for accurately detecting the content of melamine in milk powder.

Abstract:［Objective］ To establish a fast and nondestructive analysis method for identifying iron rod yam.［Methods］ Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI -MS) was employed to detect the chemical constituents of iron rod yam (TG) and non -iron rod yam (FTG ) from different origins under ambient temperature and pressure,With 200 sets of data collected from each type of TG and FTG,and a total of 3 600 mass spectrometry data points were obtained.Subsequently,the initial level of the mass spectrometry data obtained was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA ) and the random forest (RF) algorithm.Pattern recognition analysis established a model to differentiate between TG and FTG based on their chemical compositions.［Results］］ The difference between the first -level mass spectra obtained by HS -APCI -MS was obvious between TG samples and FTG samples.The cumulative variance contribution plot of the principal components showed that the first seven principal components accounted for 85.63% (≥85%) of the variance.The accuracy of the training set and detection set reached 100% when the number of decision trees was 25.HS-APCI -MS combined with RF algorithm had a significant identification effect on TG,and the classification effect of RF was superior to that of PCA.［Conclusion］ Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry,combined with the RF algorithm,can rapidly and non -destructively identify TG and FTG,providing a new technical method for authenticating TG.

Abstract:［Objective］ To establish a fast,sensitive,and accurate method for detecting carmine.［Methods］ Using Folium Nelumbinis;as the carbon source,carbon dots (FN-CDs ) were prepared using a solvent thermal method,and the preparation conditions were optimized using a single factor test.Study the factors that affect the fluorescence intensity of FN -CDs,the effects of coexisting substances on the detection system,and optimize the measurement conditions;Using FN -CDs for the determination of carmine content in food and exploring its mechanism of action.［Results］］ Using 0.6 g of Folium Nelumbinis,0.25 g of citric acid and 45 mL of formamide were reacted at 240 ℃ for 4 hours,and the fluorescence value of FN -CDs was the strongest.Rouge had a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 0~70 μg/mL,with an R2 of 0.996 4 and a detection limit of 0.57 μg/mL.The spiked recovery rates of grapefruit juice beverage and canned arbutu were 88.09%~102.49% and 97.73%~112.47%,respectively.［Conclusion］ This detection method has the characteristics of high sensitivity,good selectivity and high accuracy,and can be applied to the rapid detection of carmine in food.

Abstract:［Objective］ This study aimed to establish a rapid and accurate analytical method for the determination of acrylamide in Xinjiang characteristic Naan products.［Methods］ The methodology involved adding the internal standard 13C3-acrylamide isotope to the samples,followed by the sequential addition of 9 mL of water,10 mL of acetonitrile,6 mL of n -hexane,6 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate,and 1.5 g of sodium acetate salting agent.The samples were then extracted using vortex oscillation and centrifugation,discarding the n -hexane layer.Take 4 mL of the acetonitrile layer was purify with 400 mg of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and 300 mg PSA.The supernatant was evaporated to near dryness using liquid and subsequently re -dissolved in water for measurement.The separation was performed using ACQUITY UPLC HSS T 3 (100 mm ×2.1 mm,1.8 μm) column,with a mobile phase of water -methanol,in electrospray ionization positive ion mode and multi -reaction monitoring mode.［Results］］ The method demonstrated a strong linear relationship for acrylamide detection within the range of 1.0~100 ng/mL (R2>0.999 1),with detection and quantitation limits of 0.25 μg/kg and 0.82 μg/kg,respectively.Recovery tests at three different concentration levels in various sample matrices yielded an average recovery rate of 91.3%~97.6%,with RSD values ranging from 1.3%~4.6%.Analysis of 65 commercially available naan samples revealed acrylamide contents ranging from 17.4~207.5 μg/kg,with significant differences observed among different types of Naan (H=23.10,P<0.05).［Conclusion］ The proposed method features minimal sampling volume and reagent consumption,along with a rapid and straightforward process that yields accurate results.It is applicable to various types of naan products,demonstrating its versatility and efficiency.

Abstract:In the EU food safety risk communication system,social work system architecture can be summarized for the organization management system to build unified coordination of social work foundation,risk communication mechanism level to promote the bridge of information sharing and collaboration,the system advantage for the way of diversified communication to meet the demand of diverse information,a wide range of participants to ensure comprehensive and effective diversification mechanism.Efficient information sharing can improve response speed,scientific evaluation and independent regulation to ensure objectivity and scientific nature.China's food safety risk communication system in social work displays a diversity of communication methods;however,it has not yet established effective comprehensive information channels to promote collaborative efforts.The wide range of participants has not been able to consolidate their influence into a cohesive workforce.To strengthen public participation and build trust,it is essential to continue improving these systems and deepen the engagement in social work. To this,in the EU food safety risk communication system based on social work advantages,from relying on the optimization organization management system to build a unified and coordinated social work framework,with the help of innovation widely participate in the risk of communication mechanism to promote information sharing and collaboration,by improving public participation to deepen the social work pattern of different dimensions,to China's food safety risk communication system of social work to review and optimization.

Abstract:［Objective］ Address the current issues of poor internal flow stability,low single -machine efficiency,and subpar polishing quality in rice polishing units.［Methods］ Firstly,the traditional polishing machine was improved,its control parameters were clarified,and the mathematical model of the rice polishing unit was established.Then,the overall communication system of the unit was established,the working parameters of the unit were collected in real time,and the rice quality analyzer was introduced to detect the polishing quality indicators of the unit in real time.Built a database to store relevant data and participated in the optimization of the processing parameters of the unit.Finally,the parameters of the PID controller of the traditional unit were trained by the BP neural network,and the whale algorithm (WOA ) was introduced to optimize the BP neural network to achieve fast and accurate control of the rice polishing unit.［Results］］ Compared with the traditional PID control unit,the overall fragmentation rate of the BP -PID controlled unit optimized by the WAO algorithm was reduced by about 2%,the control time was reduced by about 30%,and the temperature rise decreased by about 2 ℃ at room temperature.［Conclusion］ The control system can effectively complete the adjustment of the processing parameters of the unit and has a good control effect.

Abstract:［Objective］ To explore the influence of different process parameters on the single screw press of soybean oil,and improve the pressing efficiency and oil yield.［Methods］ An Eulerian model for two -phase flow of water,soybean oil and soybean particles was established.The fluid characteristics under different chamber temperature,chamber pressure and rotary speed in the pressing process of soybean oil were simulated and analyzed by ANSYS FLUENT software,and the validation test was carried out by using 100-type single screw oil press.［Results］］ The extremum range of soybean oil volume fraction was 6.06%~19.80%,the extremum range of fluid pressure was 4.990~15.079 MPa,and the extremum range of soybean oil flow velocity was 0.20~7.46 m/s.The chamber pressure had a highly significant effect on the flow velocity of soybean oil (P=0.001<0.01),and rotary speed had a significant effect on the flow velocity of soybean oil (P=0.014<0.05).The chamber pressure had a highly significant effect on the volume fraction of soybean oil (P=0.000<0.01),and rotary speed had a highly significant effect on the volume fraction of soybean oil (P=0.000<0.01).［Conclusion］ Under certain conditions,the fluidity and oil yield of soybean oil can be improved by increasing the rotating speed of press and the chamber pressure;The pressure of screw is concentrated in the oil transportation section and the initial pressing section.Enhancing the rigidity of screw at this position can improve the working stability of oil press.

Abstract:［Objective］ To improve the cold charging efficiency of cold plate type refrigerated logistics vehicles and optimize the structural parameters of heat pipe type cold storage plate.［Methods］ A mathematical -physical model was established for heat pipe accumulator plate to simulate and study the cooling process of the plate under different inlet flow rates of refrigerant and heat pipe diameters,and to compare with the experimental results.［Results］］ The results of the simulation study were in good agreement with the experimental results,and the average temperature error of the accumulator was 0.28 ℃ in the process of cold charging.When the inlet flow rate of the refrigerant was 1 m/s and the diameter of the heat pipe was 10 mm,the cold charging performance of the accumulator plate was optimal,and the complete freezing time of the accumulator plate at this time was 74 min,with the resistance loss of 1 567.4 Pa,and the cold charging efficiency was 1.2×105 mm3/min.［Conclusion］ The test -optimised heat pipe accumulator plate structure can effectively improve the cold charging efficiency of the accumulator plate,shorten the cold charging time and reduce the energy consumption of cold charging.

Abstract:The filling of solid food is a key technical problem to be solved in the process of solid food packaging.It has significant advantages in ensuring the uniformity of solid food products and improving food quality.This paper reviews the research status of solid food filling technology and equipment,including the material characteristics and filling requirements of solid food,the classification of filling technology,the main principle and structure of filling equipment,etc.,and analyzes the development trend of solid food filling technology and equipment.The research direction is proposed to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of solid food filling technology and the popularization and application of equipment.

Abstract:［Objective］ Study the effects of different sterilization conditions and different packaging materials on the volatile flavor compounds of sweet corn after storage,and also based on microbial conditions and sensory quality to determine the optimal treatment conditions.［Methods］ The types and contents of volatile flavor compounds were analyzed by headspace solid -phase microextraction -gas chromatography -mass spectrometry after 6 months of sterilization treatment and packaging treatment of sweet corn with different packaging materials (PA/CPP,PET/AL/PE ).Detect the total number of bacterial colonies and total color difference.［Results］］ From the perspective of microbial safety,the total number of bacteria in each treatment group was within the food safety range.The highest total number of bacteria after six months of storage was 3.54 lg(CFU/g ),which occurred in the PET/AL/PE group treated with 121 ℃ sterilization for 10 minutes.From the overall color difference situation,the color difference values of the polyester/aluminum/polyethylene packaging group were significantly lower than those of the nylon/polypropylene packaging group.From the perspective of volatile flavor compounds,total of 140 |volatile flavor substances were detected,mainly other types (mainly nitrogen,sulfur compounds,phenols,etc.),esters,alcohols,and there was little difference in the types of volatile flavor substances in different treatment groups.Based on aroma activity value analysis and principal component analysis,5-ethyl -3-hydroxy -4-methyl -2(5H)-furanone,2-methoxy -3-isobutylpyrazine,furanone,(E)-2-nonenal,trans -4-decenal,trans -2,and cis -6-nonenol were the key volatile flavor compounds of sweet corn,which played a major role in flavor.(E)-2-nonenal,trans -2,cis-6-nonenol,furanone,benzaldehyde were differentiated volatile flavor substances,which were the main cause of flavor differences among different treatment groups.From the perspective of volatile flavor substance content,the higher the sterilization temperature and the longer the sterilization time,the higher the volatile flavor substance content,and the volatile flavor substance content in PET/AL/PE packaging group was higher than that in PA/CPP packaging group.［Conclusion］ PET/AL/PE packaging,121 ℃ sterilization for 15 min,is the best sterilization packaging combination of vacuum packaging sweet corn,suitable for promotion and application in processing and production.

Abstract:As an emerging trend that combines Chinese traditional culture with modern design,China -chic style has risen rapidly in the Chinese consumer market in recent years,especially in the field of food packaging design,showing significant application value.This paper discusses three application scenarios of China -chic style in food packaging design with examples:traditional food packaging that reproduces the charm of traditional culture through innovative design,local food packaging that reproduces local feelings with modern aesthetics,and tourism food packaging that attracts foreign consumers by combining regional characteristics.From two aspects of cultural composition and visual characteristics,this paper analyzes the visual expression logic of China -chic style in food packaging.

Abstract:［Objective］ To regulate the formation of α-dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs ) in unwashed silver carp surimi.［Methods］ The levels of 3-deoxyglucosaldosterone (3-DG),glyoxal (GO),pyroacetal (MGO ) and 2,3-butanedione (2,3-BD) were analyzed in surimi during frozen storage and freeze -thaw cycles at -18 ℃ and -60 ℃.The effects of freezing temperature,freezing method,and the addition of an antifreeze agent (enzymatic hydrolysis product of silver carp ) on the formation of these α-DCs were evaluated.［Results］］ After 60 days of storage at -60 ℃,the levels of 3-DG,MGO and 2,3-BD increased by 209%,122% and 139%,respectively,but were significantly lower compared to storage at -18 ℃.GO levels initially increased,peaking on day 45 during -60 ℃ storage,with a slower rate of change compared to the -18 ℃ group,which peaked on day 30.These findings indicate that ultra -low temperature storage can effectively reduce α-DCs formation.During freeze -thaw cycles,3-DG and 2,3-BD levels increased progressively with more cycles,while GO and MGO levels initially increased and later declined.Freezing at -60 ℃ notably inhibited α-DC formation,whereas other freezing methods and temperature showed no significant effects.Adding enzymatic hydrolysates from silver carp suppressed increases in GO,MGO and 2,3-BD after 3 freeze -thaw cycles and mitigated declines in GO and MGO after 6 cycles.［Conclusion］ The addition of antifreeze agents can partially inhibit the formation and transformation of α-DCs,especially under repeated freeze -thaw conditions.

Abstract:［Objective］ To detect the pH value of chilled mutton quickly and non -destructively.［Methods］ Visible/near -infrared hyperspectral (400~1 000 nm) imaging technology was used to collect scattering images on the surface of chilled mutton,and the reflectance spectral curve of the region of interest of the sample was extracted to obtain the original spectral data.Four single methods of savitzky -golay (SG),multiplicative scatter correction (MSC ),standard normal variant transformation (SNV ) and first -order derivative (FD) and three combination methods of MSC -SG,SNV -SG and FD -SG were used to preprocess the original spectral data.Linear regression model:partial least squares regression (PLSR ) and nonlinear regression model:Random Forest (RF),support vector regression (SVR ),extreme gradient boosting (XGB ) were used to construct the prediction model of pH value of chilled mutton based on full wavelength.［Results］］ FD-SG was the optimal pretreatment method,and the XGB model was the optimal model.The R2C and R2P were 0.930 1 and 0.830 0,and the RMSEC and RMSEP were 0.052 0 and 0.079 2.The XGB model was used to calculate the pH value of each pixel in the chilled mutton sample,and a pseudo -color image was established to show the spatial distribution of the pH value of the chilled mutton sample more intuitively.［Conclusion］ Visible/near -infrared hyperspectral imaging technology can realize non -destructive detection of pH value of chilled mutton.

Abstract:［Objective］ This study aimed to improve the prevention and control of postharvest diseases of Fengtang plum fruit.［Methods］ The fruits were soaked in 200 μL/L thymol for 60 s and stored at (2.0±0.5) ℃.The decay rate,respiration intensity,firmness,h° of pericarp and flesh,and fungal community diversity were analyzed.［Results］］ High -throughput sequencing indicated that the primary rot -causing fungi on Fengtang plum fruits were Botrytis,Fusarium,Penicillium,and Alternaria.Thymol treatment reduced the diversity and abundance of microbial communities on the surface of Fengtang plum fruits.It inhibited the proliferation of the four main pathogenic fungal genera mentioned earlier and the increase in respiratory intensity of the fruits.Additionally,it delayed the decline in fruit firmness,h° of pericarp and flesh,significantly reducing the rate of decay in Fengtang plum fruits,so that maintaining Fengtang plum fruits quality.[Conclusion ] Thymol treatment can effectively reduce the abundance and complexity of fungal community and inhibit the proliferation of related pathogens during storage of plum fruit,thereby effectively maintain the quality of plum fruit after harvest.

Abstract:［Objective］ Investigated the effects of different transport modes on the quality of live abalone.［Methods］ Constant temperature transportation with seawater and low temperature transportation without water were used to simulate transportation for 60 h respectively,and the quality index,metabolic enzyme activity and microstructure of live abalone were determined and evaluated.［Results］］ As time went on,water,crude protein,crude fat,glycogen,pH,and sensory evaluation decreased in both groups,while TVB-N increased.All indicators of abalone in seawater constant temperature group changed slowly,the survival rate of abalone was over 90% by simulated transport for 60 h.However,in no water low temperature group,the abalone began to die at 30 h,and the vitality,odor and abdominal foot score of live abalone decreased significantly from 30 h to 60 h (P<0.05)，especially after 48 h,all the scores were lower than 3 points.the glycogen and crude protein of abalone decreased rapidly,and the content of lactic acid and TVB-N increased significantly from 30 h and 54 h respectively (P<0.05),LDH activity and SOD activity decreased first,then increased,and decreased finally.The abdominal muscle microstructure of abalone showed at 60 h,the muscle fiber structure of abalone in the seawater constant temperature group did not change much,while in the no water low temperature group changed significantly.［Conclusion］ The simulated transportation time within 30 h,both transportation modes could better ensure the surviving and product quality of live abalone,when exceeds 48 h,the seawater constant temperature transportation could better maintain the quality and flavor of the abalone,and the survival rate was higher.

Abstract:［Objective］ To address the issue of traditional machine learning algorithms (BP,SVM ) struggling to effectively extract features from time series data,which leads to subpar model recognition and prediction performance,and aim to minimize the freshness loss of fresh fruits during the distribution process.［Methods］ Taking bananas as the research subject,established a banana freshness recognition model (ECA -TCN ) by combining Time Convolutional Networks (TCN ) with Efficient Channel Attention Networks (ECA -NET ) and conduct simulation tests.［Results］］ The recognition accuracies for BP,SVM,TCN,and ECA -TCN were 84.89%,85.16%,97.83%,and 99.03%,respectively.［Conclusion］ The experimental method demonstrates superior performance in recognizing the freshness of bananas.

Abstract:［Objective］ To clarify the main causes of vitamin A loss during the processing and storage of infant noodles.［Methods］ Wheat flour with different protein contents was selected,and iron elements of different price ranges were added to prepare the straight strip -shaped noodles,butterflies -shaped noodles and extruded noodles.The effects of protein content,iron element,processing technology and packaging on vitamin A were studied.［Results］］ The results showed that as the protein content in wheat flour decreased,the loss rate and attenuation rate of vitamin A in noodles gradually increased.Vitamin A had the fastest rate of attenuation rate in the first 10 days.Compared with the straight strip -shaped noodles and extruded noodles,the loss of vitamin A in the processing process of butterflies -shaped noodles was the least.Mixing dough with vacuum can significantly reduce the rate of vitamin A loss.Compared to ferrous fumarate,vitamin A was more stable in iron pyrophosphate.In addition,nitrogen filling in the packaging could effectively reduce the loss of vitamin A in infant noodles.［Conclusion］ The use of trivalent iron,mixing dough with vacuum,and nitrogen filled packaging in infant noodles can effectively ensure the stability of vitamin A in the noodles.

Abstract:［Objective］ Seeking a comprehensive therapeutic approach to address multiple pathological processes in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM ).［Methods］ Randomly divided all mice into control group,DCM group,DCM +PFTJ group,DCM +HIIT group,and DCM +PFTJ +HIIT group.Used intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin combined with high -fat diet to treat mice,and treated them according to the experimental plan for 16 weeks.Recorded the heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW ),detected cardiac function using small animal ultrasound imaging system,and assessed the pathological damage of the heart by detecting the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH ),creatine kinase (CK),troponin I,IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF -α in the serum,combined with hematoxylin and eosin staining.At the same time,detected the expression of NLRP 3 and Cleaved caspase -1 proteins in the myocardial tissue.［Results］］ Compared with the DCM group,the degree of myocardial fiber disarray and myocardial fibrosis in mice of the DCM +PFTJ group and DCM +HIIT group was significantly reduced,with the DCM +PFTJ +HIIT group showing the best effected in improving myocardial structure.Cardiac function indicators (left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening ) were improved in the DCM +PFTJ group and DCM +HIIT group,with the DCM +PFTJ +HIIT group showing a more significant effect;the HW/BW of mice in the DCM +PFTJ +HIIT group increased,and the levels of LDH,CK,troponin I,IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF -α in the serum were significantly decreased.In their myocardial tissue,the expression levels of NLRP 3 and Cleaved caspase -1 proteins were also significantly reduced.［Conclusion］ The combination of PFTJ and HIIT significantly |improves the cardiac condition of DCM mice by improving cardiac function and myocardial damage,and its possible mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP 3 inflammasome.

Abstract:［Objective］ This study aimed to determine the optimal extraction process for antihypertensive peptide from Agrocybe cylindracea to achieve higher yield and enhanced activity.［Methods］ With the polypeptide yield and ACE inhibition rate as the evaluation index,the effects of enzyme type,substrate concentration,enzyme concentration,pH value,reaction time,reaction temperature and other single factors on the antihypertensive peptide and its activity were investigated,and the optimal extraction process of antihypertensive peptide was optimized by response surface.［Results］］ The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:substrate concentration of 5.4%,enzymolysis duration of 8 h,reaction temperature was 23.3 ℃,pH 8.0,and neutral protease dosage of 2 g.Under the control of these conditions,the antihypertensive peptide yield reached 92.12%,with an ACE inhibition rate of 93.75%.The active peptide fraction,primarily composed of peptides with molecular weight <3 kDa,accounted for 36.69% of the total peptide and demonstrated an ACE inhibition rate of 95.36%.［Conclusion］ The extraction process for antihypertensive peptides from A.cylindracea was successfully optimized,and the molecular weight distribution of the active peptide components was determined.

Abstract:［Objective］ To broaden the product form of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd processing,and develop a fruit and vegetable juice beer with Yeniang No.2 Vitis quinquangularis Rehd juice as raw material.［Methods］ On the basis of fixed Monascus rice powder additive concentration of 1.5 g/L,Qindaodahua hop additive concentration of 0.6 g/L and Fruity yeast inoculation amount of 0.4 g/L,the optimization process was studied by single factor test and response surface test with alcohol content,total acid,total polyphenol and sensory score as evaluation indexes.［Results］］ The fermentation temperature of 18.0 ℃,the initial wort concentration of 11.09 °P,and the dilution of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd juice of 8.13 mL/ 100 mL were the best conditions.The obtained Vitis quinquangularis Rehd juice beer was sour and delicious,with harmonious fruit and malty flavors,mellow body,bright red color,sensory score of 90.5,total acid 3.24 mL/ 100 mL,alcohol 3.6%vol,bitterness value 10.8 BU,polyphenols 0.52 mg/mL.In addition,17 kinds of amino acids,18 kinds of organic acids,9 kinds of monomer phenols and 37 kinds of volatile flavor substances were detected in the Vitis quinquangularis Rehd juice beer.［Conclusion］ The optimized Vitis quinquangularis Rehd juice beer has more rich and mellow taste than ordinary beer,and the addition of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd juice introduces rich amino acids,organic acids,monomer phenols and volatile flavor substances into beer,which has higher nutritional value.

Abstract:［Objective］ To investigate the optimal technical conditions for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs ) in carnosic acid production.［Methods］ With carnosic acid yield and PAHs residue as evaluation indexes,single factor test and orthogonal test were used to study the effects of activated carbon addition,extraction temperature and activated carbon operation time in the system on PAHs residue and carnosic acid yield.Antioxidants were added to oil and high temperature accelerated oxidation test was carried out,then the peroxide value index was measured to evaluate the anti -oxidation properties.［Results］］ The optimal process for removing PAHs from carnosic acid with activated carbon was found that its addition ratio was 0.3%,extraction temperature was at 50 ℃ and operation time was 10 minutes.Under these conditions,a carnosic acid yield of 94.85% was achieved with residual PAHs at 43.12 μg/kg extraction storage period and at the same concentration,the anti -oxidation effects of the four antioxidants were TBHQ >carnosic acid >BHA >VE.［Conclusion］ It is feasible to remove PAHs from carnosic acid with using activated carbon while achieving a high yield of carnosic acid (CA) under specific conditions.In the long term,the anti -oxidation effect of 0.02% carnosic acid is equivalent to that of 0.02% TBHQ and the use of natural antioxidants is beneficial to human health.

Abstract:［Objective］ This study aimed to explore the appropriate pretreatment method of lotus root heat pump after drying.［Methods］ Color protection (CP),osmotic dehydration (OD),ultrasonic color protection (USCP ),ultrasonic osmotic dehydration (USOD ),color protection + ultrasonic osmotic dehydration (CP+USOD ) and ultrasonic osmotic dehydration synchronous color protection (USOD -CP) pretreatments were applied to the pretreatment of lotus root heat pump before drying.Their effects on the appearance color,microstructure,nutrient composition and antioxidant activity of dried lotus root were explored.［Results］］ Applying ultrasound during CP and OD can enlarge the microscopic pores of lotus roots.With levels of 15.64 and 21.08 mg/ 100 g,respectively,lotus root polyphenols and niacin processed by USCP were the greatest,while the color difference value was the lowest at 5.02.The contents of flavonoids and total free amino acids in lotus root in the USOD -CP group were the highest,which were 207.05 and 149.04 mg/ 100 g,respectively.The scavenging rates of USCP and USOD -CP pretreated lotus root were 45.96% and 45.94%,respectively.Polyphenols have the strongest correlation with hydroxyl radical scavenging.［Conclusion］ USCP and USOD -CP pretreatment before the lotus root heat pump drying can further improve the drying quality of the lotus root.

Abstract:Tetracycline (TC) is a typical broad -spectrum antibiotic with extensive applications in fields such as food and medicine.However,its improper use can pose a threat to human health and environmental safety.Therefore,detecting the residue of tetracycline is very important.In recent years,electrochemical sensors modified with nanomaterials have been successfully applied for the detection of tetracycline residues in food and environmental samples due to their high sensitivity and fast response.This review compares the electrochemical sensors modified with different nanomaterials for tetracycline detection,aiming to provide a reference for trace analysis of tetracycline and the development of more efficient detection technology.At the same time,this review also summarizes the existing problems of tetracycline -detecting electrochemical sensors and the prospects for their development.

Abstract:Coarse grain bread fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeast is rich in functional components,such as dietary fiber and polysaccharide,which can help regulate blood sugar levels.This review explores the synergistic effects of lactic acid bacteria and yeast during the fermentation of coarse grains and their role in enhancing the bread's hypoglycemic properties.Specifically,it examines three key mechanisms:promoting the release,generation and transformation of hypoglycemic active ingredients and inhibiting the activity of blood sugar -related enzymes,and looks forward to the future development direction.

Abstract:Pectin,known for its excellent physical properties,is widely utilized across various fields,including food,medicine and cosmetics.Polyphenols,although highly bioactivity,often suffer from poor solubility and low bioavailability.Grafting polyphenols onto pectin enhances the functional value of both pectin and polyphenols.The synthesis method of polyphenols -pectin complex (non-covalently bound and covalently bound ),structural characterization (ultraviolet -visible spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,and thermogravimetric analysis ),biological activity (antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity,and antitumor activity ).Lastly,the diverse applications of polyphenol -pectin complexes in multiple fields and their potential for future development are explored.

Abstract:There are amount of aroma compounds and taste compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which make it have a unique aroma and taste.Molecular sensory science,as an interdisciplinary technology,is committed to exploring and studying the sensory quality of food at the molecular level,including sensory evaluation and detection analysis.This article reviews the application research progress of molecular sensory science and technology in the evaluation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum flavor,elucidates the important significance of molecular sensory science and technology in the evaluation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum flavor and sensory quality,and looks forward to its future development direction.

Abstract:Natural plant extracts are emerging as a new class of preservative in the food industry,offering advantages such as being green,safe,non -toxic,and highly effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.However,their specific antimicrobial activity and underlying mechanism remain incompletely understood,and their applications require further exploration and optimization.This review analyzed and summarized the types of active ingredients and bacteriostatic effects of common natural plant extracts,and explored their potential bacteriostatic mechanisms as well as the synergistic effects of these extracts used for meat preservation in combination with emerging food preservation technologies.