Abstract:To compare the functions and applications of honeysuckle from different plant resource and provide references for the further development and utilization of them, combined query systematically on the databases of cnki, PubMed and others about the studies on function and application of honeysuckle were undertaken, and then the reviews were summarized. Numerous studies on Lonicera japonica Thunb. were done, while less studies on the other four species of Lonicera flos. Lonicera flos had the equivalent functions with Lonicera japonica flos, and Lonicera flos with the traits of good quality, high output and low price had better development and utilization prospects.

Abstract:This study introduced the healthier choice symbol system in Singapore from the specification and use requirements, application procedures, scope of application and so on. It is found that Singapore is the first Asian country to implement the food FOP labeling system, whose experience is of great significance to China and even most Asian countries. China's FOP labeling system should have sufficient basis, strictly regulate the application and use behavior, and appropriately expand the scope of application.

Abstract:In this article, the external digestion of konjac tofu mixed with starch was studied by simulating oral, gastric and small intestine digestion, and the remaining part of the digestion was used as a substrate for in vitro fermentation of mouse cecum, and its fermentation performance in the cecum was studied. The results showed that pure konjac tofu was not digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine, and the konjac tofu mixed with starch could be partially hydrolyzed in the mouth and not hydrolyzed in the stomach, most of the hydrolysis can be completed within 20 min. But compared with pure starch, the rapidly digestible starch of the starch incorporated into konjac tofu was reduced, the total hydrolysis rate did not change significantly. It shows that deacetylated konjac glucomannan can delay starch digestion, but can’t prevent starch digestion. In the process of cecal fermentation, the ability of konjac tofu with starch to decrease pH is higher than that of pure konjac tofu, but the short chain fatty acid and lactic acid bacteria content produced by fermentation for 24 h by the former are less than the latter. It is indicated that eating konjac tofu with starch will rapidly raise blood sugar and reduce the intestinal probiotic effect of konjac tofu.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of spray freeze drying (SFD) on the structure and functional properties of egg albumin, it was compared with the egg white powder by spray drying (SD), and analyzed by the texture analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to determine the structure and properties. The results showed that the denaturation temperature of SFD powder was 15.7 ℃ lower than that of SD powder, and the surface sulfhydryl content was 42.40% lower. The ratio of α-helix and β-sheet structure of SFD powder was higher, and the molecular structure had better order, with the smaller degree of protein aggregation, which leaded to the improvement of its emulsification characteristics. SEM analysis showed that the SFD powder showed a large pore particle network structure, which increased its solubility. The solubility of the two kinds of egg white powder decreased first and then increased with the increase of pH. The solubility and emulsifying properties of SFD powder were significantly higher than that of SD powder (P＜0.05). The gel hardness and bound water content were significantly lower than SD powder (P＜0.05), and its water retention was poor and there was no significant difference between two groups. In conclusion: compared with SD powder protein, SFD powder protein had significant changes in structural and functional characteristics, and its solubility and emulsification characteristics were more advantageous.

Abstract:In order to reveal the change of cellulose structure and physical property caused by ultra micronization, cellulose power was treated through different concentrations of sodium hydroxide and then broken by using high pressure jet. The microstructure, size and physical properties of microfabrication were explored. After pretreatment with 10% NaOH solution (70 ℃, 1 h) and high pressure jet treatment, the diameter of the crude microfabrication decreases from 5.0~50.0 μm to 0.1~1.0 μm, and the length decreases from 20.0~200.0 μm to 1.0~10.0 μm. The peak value of cellulose particle size distribution curve was reduced from 158.0 μm to 10.0 μm. The specific surface area was improved by 3.0~ 5.5 times. The results indicated that the swelling of cellulose microfiber bundles after alkali pretreatment could reduce the mechanical properties of the cellulose, and its particle size decreased significantly by the spraying of high pressure jet. XRD results showed that there was no obvious change in the crystallinity and thermal stability after high pressure jet. However, the crystallinity of cellulose decreased 10% after alkalization. Alkali pretreatment improved the micronization degree of cellulose by high pressure jet.

Abstract:In order to realize the accurate description of the extraction process of continuous countercurrent extraction (CCE) for Astragalus polysaccharides, a mathematical model of diffusion and backmixing was established and solved. The two-phase solute distribution in the single-flow continuous countercurrent extractor was described. The scale for describing the pilot scale was established. The diffusion back-mixing numerical model of the two-phase solute distribution in the extractor was tested by multi-effect simulation CCE of Astragalus polysaccharides. The results showed that the extraction temperature was 40~70 ℃, and the solid-liquid ratio was 1：6~1：14 (g/mL), within the single factor variation range of extraction time 40~70 min, the relative error between the model prediction distribution and the actual sample concentration is controlled ≤15%, which has certain practical value. The model can realize the achieve prediction of the concentration of the two phases in the extraction process of CCE under steady state conditions.

Abstract:Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS) was used for non-target metabolomics analysis of metabolites in Rhodococcus opacus PD630 in the presence of 1-propanol. Then a multivariate statistical analysis as well as an identification of differential metabolites was conducted for it.The results showed that there were 54 differential metabolites between the experimental group and the control group at 48 h, and 61 differential metabolites at 72 h. The decrease of short peptides and the increase in the degree of unsaturation of phospholipids were major metabolite changes. Meanwhile, a significant increase in propionyl CoA was observed(P＜0.001). The fatty acid composition was also determined by gas chromatography. The content of odd carbon fatty acids increased from 32.91% to 79.66%, with an increase of 2.4 times. This indicated that 1-propanol also had a great influence on the synthesis pathway of fatty acids.

Abstract:In order to improve bile salt tolerance in L. fermentum, four BSH genes (BSH1,BSH2,BSH3, and BSH4) from L. plantarum AR113 were transformed into L. fermentum AR497. The result showed that heterologous expression of these four BSHs can improve the bile salt tolerance of L. fermentum. At the concentration of 2.0 mg/mL sodium glycodeoxycholate, engineered L. fermentumwith BSH2 expression had the lowest lethality, while other strains were completely inhibited. BSH activity showed that BSH2 expressing strain had the highest enzyme activity with 57.74 U/mL, which was 2.88 times higher than that of the control strain harboring empty plasmid.

Abstract:Taking the 5 kinds of polyphenols, including propylgallate, quercetin and etc., to evaluate the oxidation stability of oil-tea camellia seed oil during heating by the Rancimat and drying oven methods were used, the effects of exogenous polyphenols on the oxidation stability of oil-tea camellia seed oil were studied at 180 ℃. Results: The reduction times were prolonged as the concentrations of polyphenols increased; and propyl gallate had the best antioxidant effect. During the heating process at 180 ℃, the 5 kinds of polyphenols retarded the increase of acid value with no significant different among the polyphenols (P＞0.05). Peroxide value, p-anise value, and carbonyl value were inhabited with significantly difference among the polyphenols (P＜0.05). The factors indicate that the selected polyphenols had the antioxidant activity on oil-tea camellia seed oil during heating.

Abstract:The amylase-producing bacteria were isolated and screened from the old liquor of Dadian, and the retort was used to perform the preliminary screening by the iodine fumigation method. The amylase activity was measured by rescreening, combined with colony morphology observation, 16S rDNA homologous sequence analysis, and physiological and biochemical screening. The high-yield amylase bacteria were identified to study the single factors affecting the ability of the bacteria to produce amylase, including carbon sources, fermentation time, initial pH and inoculum size, and the optimal enzyme production conditions were determined by response surface optimization. The results showed that strains 6-10 were Bacillus velezensis. The optimal conditions for enzyme production were determined by response surface optimization i.e. fermentation for 4 d, initial pH value at 5, and inoculum size at 10%. After optimization, the enzyme production capacity reached (164.37±3.25) U/mL, which increased by 4.43 times.

Abstract:The thermal characteristics, viscosity characteristics of potato starch-wheat protein blends and microscopic characteristics, crystal structure, infrared spectrum and texture characteristics of the composite noodles were determined. Results: In the interaction of potato starch-wheat protein blend system, the wheat protein inhibits the starch gelatinization, causing the original phase transition peak of starch to move to high temperature, and wheat proteinweakens the viscosity of the system. The starch structure is diluted to some extent. The potato wheat compound noodles have lower crystallinity than the common wheat noodles. The amorphous starch has more conformation and stronger water holding capacity. The hardness, viscosity and chewiness of the composite noodles are less than wheat noodles. The elasticity, recovery, water absorption rate and broken rate are greater than wheat noodles.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of steam detection in the process of automation of "steam detection and steaming" of Chinese spirits. This paper proposes a steam detection method based on support vector machine (SVM) to improve the accuracy of automatic steam detection. First, the infrared thermal imager is used to collect the infrared grayscale image of the surface of the wine cellar in the barrel and perform histogram processing, then extract histogram’s multiple features. Combined with the engineering experience to add tags to form the training set, and through the support vector machine training to obtain the exploration model in the process of the captain. Through testing, the method has a high detection accuracy of 96%, which can meet the requirements of Chinese spirits production process.

Abstract:A method for rapid determination of aflatoxin B1 in grain based on QD-Infinity immunofluorescence was established with QD-Infinity as fluorescent probe. In order to confirm the accuracy of this method, multiple methods were used to evaluate the uniformity of the test results of AFB₁ in grain which was determined by the QD-Infinity immunofluorescence method, high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme association immunoadsorption, respectively. Moreover the repeatability of the method and the difference between stations were investigated. The detection results of the superconducting point-immunofluorescence method for grain samples such as rice and corn were consistent with those of high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme association immunoadsorption, indicated that the method was accurate and reliable. There was no significant difference in the detection results when using two different instruments, which inclined a good repeatability of the method was good too.

Abstract:A qualitative and quantitative analysis method has been established forsimultaneous determination of six kinds of sweeteners (sodium cyclamate, saccharinsodium, acesulfame K, trichlorosucrose, aspartame and neotame) and five kinds of preservatives (natamycin, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate and sodium diacetate) in food by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The sample did not need to derive and purify, directing ultrasound extraction with methanol and water, separated on a Shim-pack-ODS Ⅲ column (75 L ×2.0 mm, 1.6 μm), used acetic acid ammonium (10 mmol/L)-methanol as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The ionization efficiencies of target compounds in mass spectrometry were analyzed for different mobile phases at same time. The results indicated that the six kinds of sweeteners and five kinds of preservatives showed a good linear relationship (R²＞0.996) with the peak area in the range of concentration measured. The average recovery of standard addition was 73.4%~96.8%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.6%~7.8%.

Abstract:Through the analysis of the total content of heavy metal nickel in soil, pesticide, fertilizer, farmyard manure and atmospheric dust samples, the exogenous input pathway of heavy metal nickel in jujube in typical areas was determined. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) was used to analyze the content of heavy metal nickel in the samples. The results showed that the tested soil and fertilizer samples contained heavy metal nickel in the range of 17.194~67.279 and 0.450~26.800 mg/kg, respectively. The total content of nickel in chicken manure, bioorganic fertilizer, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer was relatively high. In the same region, the total content of nickel in the atmospheric dust decreased with time, but there was no significant difference among different villages and towns in the same region. The total content of nickel in different kinds of pesticides from high to low was: A, B, C and D. The total content of nickel in 15 jujube garden soil increased with irrigation water flow. Based on the above analysis, it could be concluded that soil, fertilizer, atmospheric dust, pesticide and irrigation water were all exogenous input ways of heavy metal nickel in jujube.

Abstract:She sampling survey was used to sample the cultured P. clarkii and the environment from the freshwater shrimp breeding base in Hunan province. Tested the Pb content and performed statistical analysis on the relevant data. The results showed that the Pb content in shrimp, culture water and bottom sediment was Yiyang＞Yueyang＞Changde city in Hunan province. Among them, Yiyang city had the highest Pb over-standard rate, which was 63%. Significant differences in Pb content in shrimp head, tail, and water sediments were found in different city (P＜0.05), and Pb content between different city of culture water are not statistically significant differences (P=0.05). In the culture environment, the Pb content differences between shrimp, culture water and bottom sediments were statistically significant (all P＜0.05), and the differences between culture water and sediments were not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Pb content in culture water and bottom sediment was an independent risk factor for Pb over-standard in freshwater shrimp (culture water OR=1.018, P＜0.049; sediment OR=1.505, P＜0.000 1). In addition, the interaction between culture water and bottom sediment was also an independent influencing factor for Pb over-standard in freshwater shrimp (interaction OR=1.015, P＜0.000 1). There were different levels of Pb in the culture environment of P. clarkii breeding bases in Hunan province. There is a significant correlation between the Pb content of Procambarus clarkii and the culture water environment. However, there is almost no Pb in the edible part of the original crayfish in Hunan, which can be eaten with peace of mind. However, there is almost no Pb over-standard in the edible part of Protocladium clavinii in freshwater shrimp breeding base in Hunan province, and it can be eaten with peace of mind.

Abstract:In order to further explore the influential factors and dynamic characteristics of turnover motion in the automatic orientation of pointed end and blunt end of the ovoid agricultural products, to reduce actual test costs, a digital virtual prototype (simulation model) consisting of ovoid products, conveying roller and guide rod is designed and built. Using the ADAMS simulation technology, the process of the ovoid body's turnover motion is simulated, and a measurement method for the rolling distance and effect distance of guide rod in the simulation experiment is created. On this basis, the simulation values and actual test values under different long axis L, short axis B, egg-shaped angle θ, center distance E of the conveying roller, bending angle γ of the guide rod, and conveying speed v are compared and analyzed. The results show that the actual results and the simulation results have the same variation discipline, and the relative error is within 10%. The established simulation model is credible and efficacious, using this model to study the discipline of turnover motion is feasible. It lays the foundation for the research of the oval body agricultural product's turnover motion simulation.

Abstract:First, Fluent software was used to numerically simulate the internal flow field of the shunt tube in the bubbling line, and standard k-ε turbulence model was applied to simulate the velocity profile of each vent gas on the manifold. The results showed that 40 cm was the opportune length of the shunt tube to obtain the similar flow rate of each gas jet, and the uniform and controllable bubbles. Then, the Mixture multiphase flow model and the extended standard k-ε turbulence model were used to simulate of the jet aperture and the hole spacing on the shunt tube. The results showed that the gas flow rate was positively related to the turbulence kinetic energy, gas volume fraction and turbulent dissipation rate. The highest turbulent flow energy conversion ratio (67.7%) was harvested when the jet aperture was 6 mm and the hole spacing was 70 mm, on the condition of 8 m/s as the reference airflow velocity in the bubbling pipeline. The cleaning results displayed the significant effects of these factors on the cleaning effect of the surface and enterocoelia of crucian. When the cleaning time was 170 s, the air flow rate was 145 L/min, and the cleaning amount was 1.5 kg, the cleaning efficiency was as high as 92.

Abstract:To obtain real-time water contents and temperatures of vacuum freezing drying process, and to facilitate monitoring of drying process, a novel online measuring system (OMS) for vacuum freezing dryer was proposed and experimental tests were carried out. The system was composed of a microcontroller, a strain pressure sensor, a thermal resistance, modulus conversion modules, an OLED screen and other components. Wireless data transmission was used, and temperature correction and vibration reduction were carried out in the design. Experimental tests showed that the system could be used to measure the weight, moisture content and temperature in real time during the vacuum freezing drying process, and the relative deviation between the weight measurement value and the actual value was 1.6%~2.7% in the range of 5~50 g. For the temperature, the deviation was within ±3% in the range of 40~40 ℃, indicating a good accuracy.

Abstract:Dimension detection of micro parts was proposed based on universe quantum algorithm. The operation efficiency of the quantum algorithm was improved by using the master-slave space structure, and the edge of micro-parts was detected by non-orthogonal quadratic B-spline wavelet and least square wavelet support vector regression, with the dimension detection of micro parts process. Experimental simulation showed that the universe quantum algorithm had smaller fluctuation range for the dimension measurement data of micro parts, and the variance value was lower than other methods. The measurement variance of outer wheel diameter reduced 75.29%, 78.40%, 64.47%, 60.95% and 52.15%, respectively, comparing with HI, MM, AIT, IF, and IGR algorithm. Morepver, the measurement variance of inner wheel diameter reduced 72.89%, 76.75%, 62.66%, 59.22% and 50.13%, respectively, comparing with HI, MM, AIT, IF, and IGR algorithm. The precision measurement of micro parts was improved, with the new method for quality dimension detection of micro-parts.

Abstract:In order to optimize the traditional manual method for clam sorting, a device was designed, based on the biological characteristics of clams and the principle of centrifugation and different density, to solve the problem of clam sorting, screening and impurity removing. The devicewas composed of three grades of rings with different clearance rollers for screening clams with different shell thickness. It could screen out small shells, conch and gravel. Through simulation analysis, the structural strength and stiffness of the device met the design requirements. Through the application, it was proved that the equipment could effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of clam sorting, reduce labor intensity,lower production cost and improve the automation level of enterprises.

Abstract:The cam profile of the cylindrical cam mechanism of the bottle cap assembly machine is designed, the curve is fitted, the three-dimensional model of the SolidWorks is established, and the cylindrical cam and the cylindrical cam of the sinusoidal curve fitting are simulated in Adams by the cylindrical cam and the sinusoidal curve fitting of the five polynomial curve fitting. The result of the simulation is compared and analyzed, which shows that the design of the cam wheel can be used in the manufacture of the cylindrical cam mechanism of the actual group cover machine.

Abstract:The work aims to the delay and nonlinearity of powder packaging metering control system caused by sensor, screw rotation inertia, zero drift, cutting impact and other factors, the powder packaging metering control system based on fuzzy neural PID control is proposed. Using the good dynamic control characteristic and self-learning ability of the fuzzy neural network to adjust the PID control proportion, integral and differential three adjustment parameters. The simulation and simulation of the system was carried out with the help of MATLAB simulink simulation software. The results show that the fuzzy neural network PID control system can shorten the stability time by about 45% and the overshoot by about 16%. Therefore, the fuzzy neural PID control system is superior to the traditional PID control system.

Abstract:According to the characteristics of non-linear and large time delay in the temperature control system of beer fermentation, proposed the idea of target temperature control combined with fuzzy PID control algorithm, and designed a fuzzy PID controller based on target temperature control point to achieve temperature control, so as to improve the accuracy of temperature control of beer fermentation. Taking Siemens S7-400 PLC and Braumat software platform as the control core, the software and hardware structure of beer fermentation temperature control system was designed to realize the control and monitoring of the whole production process. The field application shows that the temperature control error of beer fermentation is ±0.3 ℃, and the temperature control effect is good, which meets the actual production requirements.

Abstract:An optimization method of automatic fermentation system control based on digital signal processing (DSP) was proposed. Aiming at the optimization of the automatic feeding system in the automatic fermentation system, the error feedback control algorithm was used to design the automatic feeding control of the pasta fermentation machinery, and the hardware design of the automatic feeding system of the pasta fermentation machinery was based on the algorithm design. The results showed that the designed automatic feeding system of pasta fermentation machinery had good human-computer interaction and strong system stability, and the control error was only 0.1% when iterating 500 times to achieve precision control.

Abstract:In this paper, a kind of cigarette tipping paper detection system based on machine vision is proposed, which uses STM32 as the core controller to control the timing synchronization of the coiler. The cigarette tipping paper on the transition drum is collected by the industrial camera, and the length of the cigarette paper is calculated and measured, and the unqualified cigarette is eliminated. At the same time, the unqualified cigarette tipping paper and detection data are recorded by the guide rail scale. Through practical application, the detection accuracy of the system is better than ±0.05 mm, and the maximum detection speed is 12 000 pieces/min. It can remove unqualified cigarette and reduce the rejection rate of the wrong length of cigarette paper to 0.01%. This paper analyzes the influence factors of error fluctuation through spectrum analysis method, and realizes the evaluation of equipment operation state and cigarette tipping paper quality.

Abstract:In this study, myofibrillar protein was used as the research object to investigate the effect of different frozen storage time on the oxidation degree of myofibrillar protein of pork. Raw pork was stored at 18 ℃ for different time (0, 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks), and used for the extraction of myofibrillar protein. Then protein oxidation parameters (carbonyl, total sulfhydryl group, free amino groups, surface hydrophobicity and endogenous tryptophan fluorescence) were determined. The results suggested that, carbonyl content increased significantly (P＜0.05), and total sulfhydryl group, free amino groups, surface hydrophobicity and endogenous tryptophan fluorescence content generally showed a decreasing trend (P＜0.05). There is a correlation between storage time and carbonyls, total sulfhydryl group, free amino groups or surface hydrophobicity. Therefore, myofibrillar protein will be oxidized during the frozen storage, resulting in the degradation of raw meat quality.

Abstract:In this paper, an algorithm based on deep residual network is proposed to recognize and classify the surface defects and texture of jujube. The algorithm adopted jujube’s G channel of RGB color figure then to get the characteristics of the figure as network input, using residual learning way to expand the depth of the neural network learning, and residual error of the neural network activation function Relu replaced with SELU, the loss function softmax loss with center loss to replace, Dropout layer was developed for the training, reduce the risk of network through fitting, solved with deepening study depth gradient dispersion and explosion phenomenon in the network. The results showed that the classification accuracy reached 96.11% and the detection efficiency was about 120 min 1.

Abstract:Environmental monitoring during transportation is the key of fresh food supply-chain management. It provides important information for assessing food quality and predicting shelf life. Based on Zigbee standard wireless sensor network (WSN), a real-time monitoring system for fresh food supply chain was developed and designed in this study, and the configurable architecture and network switching scheme of integrated sensors was also improved to meet the practical application requirements. In terms of performance, the tree topology wireless sensor network system of 192 terminal devices and star topology wireless sensor network system of 80 terminal devices were implemented and evaluated. The test results showed that the success rate of data communication was over 99%. The results of theoretical analysis and practical measurement showed that the function and life of terminal equipment were enough to meet the application of supply chain monitoring.

Abstract:In this study, Sephadex G-50 and CM Sepharose Fast Flow were used to purify the spermatozoa of Takifugu obscurus. Identification of protamine by arginine color reaction. The effects of protamine on the minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition zone diameter and growth curve of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella were determined. The results showed that: The spermatozoa of Takifugu obscurus had an absorption peak at 217 and 273 nm, respectively, and the absorption peak at 217 nm was higher. The purified protamine was found to be better than the protamine before purification by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The strips were fine and had no tailing. The Takifugu obscurus protamine had inhibitory effects on Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), which could delay the bacteria growth, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella were 500, 1 000 and 1 000 mg/L, respectively.

Abstract:Pepsin and trypsin complex enzymes were used for biomimetic enzymatic hydrolysis of Eupolyphaga steleophaga. In order to obtain the most active fibrinolytic activity of the soil aphid active peptide component F2, the product was subjected to desalting, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, DA201-C macroporous adsorption resin, dextran gel G-25 chromatography, reverse high performance liquid chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography. Moreover, its effects on hemorheology index, blood lipids and serum nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrin (FIB) content of rats with acute blood stasis were also studied. E. ste-leophaga active peptide component F2 could significantly reduce blood viscosity, hematocrit and platelet count (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the Eupolyphaga ste-leophaga active peptide component F2 can significantly reduce the content of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (T-CHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in rat blood (P＜0.05). The levels of NO, SOD and t-PA in the blood of rats were significantly higher than those in the model group, and significant differences in the levels of FIB between the experimental group and the model group (P＜0.05) were also found. The E. ste-leophaga active peptide component F2 prepared by biomimetic enzymatic hydrolysis and purification had the functions of improving blood rheology index, reducing blood lipid levels and changing blood factor content in acute blood stasis model rats.

Abstract:The synergistic effects were observed on inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity between Dendrobium and Pueraria thomsonii form self-made chewable tablets by taking the acarbose as control. Drosophila melanogaster was used as experimental animal, and the model of Ⅱ diabetic Drosophila melanogaster was prepared by high glucose and high fat feeding. The experiment was divided into model control group, positive control group, Dendrobium (D) group, Pueraria thomsonii (PT) group and (Dendrobium + Pueraria thomsonii) (D+PT) group. After 7 days of lipid-lowering effects between Dendrobium and Pueraria thomsonii was analyzed. results showed that all of groups dose-effect perfusion, the total protein, triglycerides and trehalose content were measured. Compared with control group, the influence of experiments on glycolipid metabolism in Dro-sophila melanogaster was researched, respectively. Furthermore, the Dendrobium and Pueraria thomsonii showed synergistic relationship on inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity. The results showed that each groups of water extract and alcohol extract played a certain role in inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity with dose-effect relationship, and the ranking of inhibition effect of water extract groups was acarbose ＞ D ＞ (D+PT) ＞ PT, and among which D group showed strongest effect while PT group was the strongest in the alcohol extract. Therefore, D and PT had no synergistic effects in vitro. It was found that D group, PT group and (D+PT) group had the effect of triglycerides and trehalose lowering, but had no significant effect on total protein content (P＞0.05) . Compared to the model group, the the (D+PT) group hand the best effect on lowing triglycerides (P＜0.05) and trehalose (P＜0.01). It is indicated that Dendrobium and Pueraria thomsonii had synergistic effect in vivo.

Abstract:Taking the euglena as the raw material, the extraction of euglena polysaccharide by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic method and the optimal extraction conditions were studied, from the ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, enzymolysis time, and enzyme concentration by response surface analysis(RSA) based on single factor tests. The results showed that the optimal process parameters were: ultrasonic power 360 W, ultrasonic time 19 min, neutral protease addition 3.7%, enzymatic hydrolysis time 3.5 h. Under the conditions, the yield of euglena polysaccharide reached 3.68%. The euglena polysaccharide (EGPS) was separated to three different ranges of molecular weight by ultrafiltration membrane, which were 35, 510 and ＞10 kDa, and the antioxidant activity of three EGPSs were analyzed. The results showed that, 35 kDa has better hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, superoxide anion scavenging ability, Fe2+ chelation ability, reducing power, and more than 10 kDa has better lipid peroxidation inhibition ability, none of the EGPSs has DPPH freedom.

Abstract:In this study, H. pluvialis was applied into bread to study its effect on baking quality. The results showed that the addition of H. pluvialis increased redness and yellowness of bread, and decreased the brightness. The specific volume of bread decreased slightly, but the moisture content did not change a lot with the addition of H. pluvialis. Within the content range studied, the hardness, stickiness and chewiness of bread increased gradually with increasing H. pluvialis, while the elasticity, resilience and cohesion did not change significantly. Similarly, during storage process, H. pluvialis had little effect on the changes of bread elasticity, cohesion and resilience, but it could postpone the increase of hardness, chewiness and stickiness. In addition, the addition of H. pluvialis improve the quality of bread in color, appearance and tissue structure, but introduced a smell of microalgae, which obviously affected the sensory score of bread when the addition amount was higher than 1.6%.

Abstract:In order to broaden the application of lily flour, wheat powder substituted with lily flour was applied in bread to improve nutrient value. The effects of wheat flour substitution with lily powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the microstruc-ture, pasting properties and rheological properties of dough and the quality of bread were investigated. The results showed that the water holding capacity increased significantly (P＜0.05) as the percentage of lily powder increased, while oil holding capacity first decreased and then increased. The addition of lily flour destroyed the compact and uniform microstructure of gluten. The pasting temperature of the blending flour showed an upward trend after adding lily flour, while setback and peak viscosity decreased. The elastic modulus and the viscous modulus of the dough both showed an upward trend. The addition of Lily flour significantly increased the hardness of the bread (P＜0.05), significantly reduced the springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, resilience, specific volume and sensory score of the bread (P＜0.05). Therefore, the addition of Lily flour could change the properties of the wheat dough and the quality of the bread, considering the sensory evaluation, the bread with 5%~10% lily flour would be acceptable.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of different pretreatments on the hot air drying characteristics and quality of red rose, four different pretreatment methods ,i.e. impregnated 5% citric acid solution, 20% sugar solution, 20% NaCl and citric acid mixed solution and blanching, the pretreated petals were used as the control, to conduct comparative experiments and analysis of hot air drying. Sensory properties (color, total flavonoids, total phenols) and microstructure of red rose were examined, and combined with fuzzy mathematical comprehensive evaluation method for sensory evaluation. The results showed that drying rate of rose petals was influenced significantly by different pretreatment methods especially when the moisture content was high,and there are certain differences in microstructure. The dried red rose products in the 5% citric acid solution pretreatment group required the longest time and the lowest color difference index ΔE; in the 20% sugar solution group, the rehydration ratio was lowest. In the 20% NaCl and citric acid mixed solution group, the highest color difference index ΔE and the highest content of total phenols. The blanching pretreatment group required the shortest time, obtained the highest content of total flavonoids and the highest rehydration ratio. The blanching pretreatment group had the highest sensory score. Under the optimized condition, the drying time, and the color difference index ΔE and the content of total flavonoids and total phenols were 120 min, 18.17±0.54, 3.01, 0.27 mg/g and 1.43 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the application of blanching as a pretreatment method could improve the quality of dried red rose products.

Abstract:Taking the Prunus mira nut as raw material, the oil and protein of were synchronous extracted by aqueous extraction method combined with enzymatic demulsification, the extraction process was optimized by orthogonal tests based on single factor experiment. The main physicochemical indexes of Prunus mira nut oil were determined, and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC. The results indicated that the Prunus mira nut protein yields were(78.13±1.53)%, and oil total yields were(67.79±2.97)%, the optimal oil and protein extraction process were obtained as followed: sample size 150 mesh, liquid-solid ratio 8：1 (mL/g), pH 10, extraction temperature 50 ℃, extraction time 5 h, stirring speed 80 r/min. The physicochemical indexes indicated that Prunus mira nut oil had high physicochemical properties. Twelve fatty acids were detected in Prunus mira nut oil, and the main fatty acids were oleic acid (57.32%), linoleic acid (31.65%), palmitic acid (6.49%) and stearic (2.29%). There were 5 unsaturated fatty acids and the contents were 89.43%, in which there were 3 monounsaturated fat acids with the relative percentage of 57.67%, 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids with the relative percentage of 31.76%.

Abstract:Based on the single factors, the response surface tests were used to optimize the process conditions of low-sugar yeast fermentation of the purple sweet potato to prepare high antioxidant activity powder, and the changes of total flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity before and after fermentation were investigated. The optimum fermented conditions were determined as follows: 0.95% yeast addition, 10：22 (g/mL) ratio of feed to liquid, fermentation at 23 ℃ for 16 h. The antioxidant capacity was 404.94 mg VCEAC/100 g, with a total phenol content of 123.85 mg GAE/100 g, a total flavonoid content of 610.64 mg rutin/100 g, and a anthocyanin content of 26.99 mg/100 g. The fermented purple sweet potato powder had certain antioxidant capacity, and the stability of anthocyanins was better than that of its unfermented powder.

Abstract:In this paper, the mechanism of anaerobic fermentation of Clostridium butyrate, the mode of high-density anaerobic fermentation and the application of bioreactor are rviewed in order to realize the high-density fermentation of Clostridium butyrate in industrial production by improving the anaerobic fermentation process or improving the fermentation equipment, so as to greatly increase the number of live bacteria and reduce the production cost.

Abstract:There were many harmful gases in the process of storing grain in large granaries, which can not only cause environmental pollutions, but also endanger people's health. Reducing harmful gases in granaries and ensuring grain quality had become the focus of food storage industry. In this paper, the sources, types and harms of harmful gases produced in the process of grain storage were briefly described, and the relative degradation methods, principles, advantages and disadvantages of phosphine, were also introduced in detail. Furthermore, the feasibility of degradation of harmful gases in granary by plasma technology was emphasized, and the problems to be solved in practical application of this technology were raised.