Abstract:In view of the formation of harmful products of Maillard reaction in baked foods, different recipes of steamed cakes (sugar type, oil type, cake acidity regulator and the ratio between egg white and yolk) were selected to analyze the changes of glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in cakes, and the inhibitory effects of natural flavonoids (geneistein and luteolin) were investigated. The results showed that fructose (hexacarbohydrate) produced the highest MGO, xylose (pentose) produced the highest GO, GO and MGO contents were the lowest in cakes produced by xylitol; The influence of oil on the production of GO/MGO and AGEs from high to low was corn oil, soybean oil, palm oil, and margarine; The contents of GO/MGO and AGEs decreased with the increase of acidity regulator and the decrease of pH value (8.5～5.4) of cake system; When yolk was added less than 40%, the amount of harmful products can significantly be reduced with the decrease of yolk content. The flavonoids can inhibit the harmful products of GO/MGO and AEGs, and the inhibitory effect of luteolin was higher than that of genistein.

Abstract:The theoretical of the stress of capsule was analyzed in viscous liquid environment. and studied the dynamic characteris-tics of magnetic drive capsules with different sizes of round and oval heads under fluid-solid coupling in intestinal environment. The effects on the capsule exercise stress were also studied from the gut dynamic viscosity, the capsule size and capsule shape by COMSOL. According to the principle of similar mechanical properties, using superelastic solid material, the intestinal fluid model and the intestinal wall model were designed by multiple factors and levels of numerical simulation experiments. Results: At the same level of dynamic viscosity and intestinal wall dimension parameters, oval head capsule driving resistance decreased about 12.8% compared to that of circular capsule.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) on SR-B1 protein expression and cholesterol efflux, in this study, Raw264.7 macrophages derived from foam cells were used as the model to illuminate the effects of PPPs on cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL. Western blot method was used to analyze the expression of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), acyl-coenzyme A1: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT1) and cholesteryl ester hydrolase (nCEH). Further, the activity changes of ACAT1 and nCEH were revealed. The results showed that PPPs promoted the HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and up-regulated the expression of SR-B1 significantly (P＜0.05). In addition, the PPPs had no significant effects on nCEH and ACAT1 protein expression (P＞0.05), but could significantly reduce the enzyme activity of ACAT1 and increase that of nCEH (P＜0.05), which facilitated the transformation and outflow of intracellular cholesterol esters to free cholesterol.

Abstract:The apparent and functional properties of the mixed gel prepared with the thermal and ultrahigh-pressure were compared by rheological, texture, scanning electron microscopy and other analytical methods. The results showed that the β-glucan typical gels formed by ultra-high pressure and thermally induced at the total concentration of 7% and 8%, respectively, and the properties in water hold capacity, gel hardness, elasticity, chewiness and internality of β-glucan mixed gel formed by ultra-high pressure showed the more superior, in which the hardness of gel formed by ultrahigh pressure was significantly stronger than gel formed by thermal-induced gel (P＜0.05), while the oil hold capacity of the ultrahigh-pressure induced gel was obviously lower than that of thermally induced gel (P＜0.05). In addition, the ultrahigh-pressure induced gel showed better freeze-thaw stability, and a smooth, dense microstructure, which contained an uniform pore with a smaller volume than the thermally induced gel.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of salt ions on gel texture properties and moisture characteristic of duck eggs，low field nuclear magnetic resonance (Low-field NMR) was integrated to analyze the changes of the moisture status. Water relaxation time（T₂）, proton density and relaxation area (A₂) were explored by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and water distribution was visualized by MRI. Meanwhile, the differences in traditional characteristic indices of gels such as texture properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness) were also investigated. The results showed that the relative proportions of free water increased, and the relative proportions of immobilized water and bound water decreased. T₂ transverse relaxation time of yolk decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the water of yolk was bound stronger and its degree of freedom decreased. According to the data of texture analyzer, the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness of the album gel decreased significantly (P＜0.05) and water holding capacity decreased significantly (P＜0.05) at first and increased slightly at last. The hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness of yolk increased significantly (P＜0.05), while the springiness decreased significantly (P＜0.05). This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of Low-field NMR to analyze the correlation between gel strength and moisture characteristic of duck eggs during salting period.

Abstract:In this study, three strains of Clostridium butyrate were isolated from human feces, pit mud and animal intestinal contents. Which were named as Clostridium butyricum NK, SY and RX respectively. The fermentation characteristics of C. butyricum NK, SY and RX and C. tyroburicum ATCC25755 grown in synthetic medium were compared. The results showed that the growth ability of C. butyricum NK and SY were strong. C. tyroburicum had higher butyric acid, but lower lactic acid-production than C. butyricum. Compared among the three different strains of C. butyricum, C. butyricum NK had a stronger ability to produce butyric acid, with the content of 2.08 g/L in synthetic medium.

Abstract:Microwave irradiation was used to treat three kinds of luzhou-flavor liquors with different ages and qualities at different temperatures, and the contents of acetic acid and ethyl acetate in the liquor were measured every 20 min. The results showed that microwave irradiation could accelerate the reduction of acetic acid content in liquor, while ethyl acetate content increase with the extension of irradiation time. When the microwave irradiation time was between 20 and 100 min, the increasing trend showed an S-shaped curve. Through the fitting study, the logistic regression model could be used to describe the change of ethyl acetate during this time period.

Abstract:Metal-organic-frameworks is a new type of porous crystal material which is assembled by metal ions and organic ligands. Gd-MOF was prepared by GdCl₃·6H₂O and H₃BTC, and its adsorption performance for phoxim pesticides was inves-tigated. The results showed that Gd-MOF could effectively adsorb phoxim pesticides from water, and the saturated adsorption amount of phoxim was 33.5 mg/g. When Gd-MOF was 40~80 mg, the adsorption rate of phoxim could reached 90%; and in all pH range 3~7, there was a certain adsorption force on the phoxim table. It is speculated that the adsorption of phoxim by Gd-MOF may be due to its pore structure and the interaction of Gd³⁺ with phosphorus-oxygen bonds between phoxim. The results of Gd-MOF regeneration experiments show that Gd-MOF has good cycle performance. As a new type of composite material for removing phoxim pesticides from water.

Abstract:In order to analyze the correlation between characteristic flavor components and sensory flavor of fermented coconut milk. Solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the volatile flavor compounds of fermented coconut, natural coconut milk and yogurt, respectively. The sensory properties of flavor were assessed, and the characteristic flavor of the fermented coconut milk was analyzed from the sensory and flavor substances in combination with the omics technology. The results showed that the sensory flavor characteristics of fermented coconut milk were higher in sweet, sour, coconut, milky, creamy and alcoholic sensory scores; the sweetness of the original coconut milk is too high, accompanied by a thicker cooking flavor. A total of 23 flavors were detected from the fermented coconut milk, 5 and 2 of them were more than the original coconut milk and yogurt respectively. Compared with the original coconut milk, the relative content of acid and ester in the fermented coconut milk decreased by 11.005% and 11.670%, respectively; while the relative contents of alcohols, ketones and aldehydes increased by 6.015%, 10.295% and 1.975%, respectively; the acid substances in yogurt were the main flavor components, which was 31.79% higher than the fermented coconut milk. Flavored components such as 2,3-pentanedione and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone in fermented coconut milk mainly contribute to fruity aroma, milky aroma and caramel odor, and ester substances mainly contribute vanilla, sweet, coconut flavor and steamed flavor.

Abstract:The aromatic composition of fruit wines fermented with Enterobacter Xiangfang was analyzed by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the main aroma components produced by Enterobacter Xiangfang were phenylethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-butanol and their corresponding acetates in the early fermentation stage, and heptaldehyde, 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, ethyl decanoate, ethyl octanoate, isobutyric acid and so on in the later fermentation stage. The main aroma components produced by yeast fermentation were ethyl decanoate, phenylethanol, ethyl octanoate, 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetal, ethyl Dodecanoate and so on. Compared with yeast fermentation, Enterobacter Xiangfang fermentation not only had the basic aroma composition of fruit wine, but also had its unique aroma characteristics.

Abstract:The effect and mechanism of decolorization were studied with magnesium sulfate and amphoteric 2% polysilicate zinc on the brown granulated syrup under high pH conditions. The factors and levels of response surface analysis were determined on the basis of single factor tests. The decolorization process was optimized by response surface analysis to obtain the optimum process conditions: magnesium sulfate of 500 mg/L, dosage of 2% silica polysilicic acid zinc of 1.57%, and pH 11. Under this condition, the decolorization rate reached 92.21%. The composites and sugar juice system were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and potential analyzer. The results showed that the decolonization mechanism was electric neutralization and adsorption.

Abstract:The effects of the polarities of the simulated liquids were investigated on the migration of four antioxidants BHA, BHT, Irganox1076, and Irgafos168 migrated from polypropylene plastics to six different polar simulating solutions. Results, the solubility of antioxidant with polypropylene plastics was worse, the intermiscibility of antioxidant with simulated liquid was better, and the migration equilibrium distribution coefficient was higher. Beyond that, the closer the simulated liquid polarity was to polypropylene, the higher the migration diffusion coefficient was, and the smaller influence of molecular weight on the migration diffusion coefficient of antioxidants was. Conversely, the migration diffusion coefficient would be greatly affected by the molecular weight, and the diffusion coefficient decreased with the increase of the molecular weight. When anhydrous alcohol was used as food simulated liquid, the larger the molecular weight of the antioxidant was, the greater the equilibrium partition coefficient was affected by temperature, and the migration enthalpy increases with the increase of the molecular weight, while the change in n-hexane used as food simulated liquid was exactly the opposite.

Abstract:Forth-eight cup-shaped edible birds nest (EBN) harvesting from natural cave and man-made house were collected from Malaysia and Indonesia to study the distribution characteristics and traceability of 27 elements in EBN. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied for the detection of multi-elements in EBN, and five macro-elements which distributed according to the rule of Na＞Ca＞Mg＞K＞P were found in EBN. Besides, in EBN, some essential trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co, Se, Cr), 3 light rare earth elements (LREE) and 2 heavy rare earth elements (HREE) also be detected. All of 27 elements in EBN is skewed distribution with bigger coefficient of variation (COV) except for Pt. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Rank Cases based on the Tukey formula and Double factor variance analysis was used to analyze the influence of geographical origin, harvesting method and their interactions on the distribution of multi-elements in EBN. B, Na, P, Ca, Mn, Cu, Sr, Mo, Ba and Nd were significantly relative with harvesting method of EBN, and Mg, Al and Pt were for geographical origin of EBN. This article not only verified the feasibility to trace the provenance of cup-shaped EBN, but also provided a reference for traceability research, Nutritional function development and quality grade assessment of EBN.

Abstract:In order to identify the inferior oat samples, and the samples from different local and imported brands, a nondestructive identification method based on near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics methods was proposed. Spectra of five different brands of oat samples and inferior samples were obtained. Continuous wavelet transform was used for the baseline elimination. Wavenumber selection based on the standard deviation and relative standard deviation was discussed for improving the accuracy of the method, and 15 informative wavenumbers were obtained. Principal component analysis method was used for classification. The results showed that the baseline elimination was achieved by continuous wavelet transform method. Acceptable classification can be achieved with the help of principal component analysis and informative wavenumber selection. It shows that the near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods can be used to the rapid identification of the oat samples of different brands and inferior.

Abstract:Based on the crude fat, protein, amino acids and mineral element content of different areas big particle Coix seed (BCS) and small particle Coix seed (SCS), this paper analyzed whether there was a difference on the major nutrient content between BCS and SCS by using analysis of variance, and discriminated the BCS and SCS by using principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM). The results indicated that the nutrient contents measured in this text of SCS were higher than or not significant difference from those of BCS except the crude fat, Mg, and Al content. The characteristic variables extracted by PCA could be used to discriminate BCS from SCS, and the prediction accuracy of the SVM model was 100%. These display that it is feasible to determine the type of Coix seed by using the major nutrient contents of Coix seed combined with chemometrics.

Abstract:An approach based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed to rapidly detect the diethylstilbestrol residues in duck meat in this study. Firstly, the single factor analysis method was adopted to determine the optimal amounts of sodium citrate, Au nanoparticles, duck meat extract containing diethylstilbestrol and magnesium sulfate solution, as well as the optimal measurement time. The quantitative analysis model for the detection of DES residues in duck meat was established after a simple pretreatment for duck meat was done. Thereafter, based on the basis of the above study, the linear equation with minimum detection concentration of 0.5 mg/L was established using diethylstilbestrol concentrations in duck meat extract and Raman intensities at 819 cm^-1. Furthermore, the R² value for prediction set was 0.969 0, and the root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) with average recovery of 83%～133% was 0.728 1 mg/L. The experimental results indicated that the method adopted in the present study could be applied to detect DES residues in duck meat.

Abstract:In this study, the silver colloid solution biosynthesized by Lilium casa blanca petals powders was used as the Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) active substrate to establish a SERS detection method for amoxicillin content in milk. The effect of the concentration of silver colloid solution, the volume ratio of silver colloid solution and amoxicillin solution, and the addition of sodium chloride on SERS detection were investigated to optimize the detection conditions. The results showed that, under the conditions of the concentration of silver colloid solution of 106.04 μg/mL, with the volume ratio of silver colloid solution and amoxicillin solution of 4:1, and without adding sodium chloride, the SERS signal was the strongest. Under these conditions, the concentrations of amoxicillin solution had a good linear relationship with the SERS intensity at 1 055 cm^-1 in the range of 1～1 000 μg/mL, with a minimum detectable concentration of 1 μg/mL. The recoveries of amoxicillin in the three spiked milks ranged from 84.51% to 93.62% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.16%. In conclusion, using this simple and convenient method, a certain concentration of amoxicillin in milk could be detected.

Abstract:Escherichia coli O26 was isolated and identified form a slaughter plant in order to investigate its contamination of E. coli O26. According to USDA detection method, samples were enriched with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) after selective enrichment, and then isolated and purified with selective chromogenic mRainbow agar. Subsequently, the suspected colonies were screened and chose to test the O antigen by PCR and followed by the serum agglutination test. The virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae and hly) of positive isolations were detected by multiplex PCR. The results showed that only one strain from 120 samples was identified as E. coli O26, however the four virulence genes were found negative. Our results indicated that the E. coli O26 contamination existed in this slaughter house, but these positive bacterium strains did not carry virulence genes.

Abstract:The reconstituted tobacco paper base with different ratios was determined by X-ray grammage instrument. The effect of tube voltage on repeatability，sensitivity and detection limit of the instrument was analyzed.The results show that tube voltage 6 000 V is more suitable for the determination about the grammage of the reconstituted tobacco paper base;and it is found that the grammage indication value has a high linear relationship with the grammage measured value about the reconstituted tobacco paper base with different ratios，and the established linear regression model with determination coefficient over 0.99，and the predicted maximum relative deviation less than 1%. The reconstituted tobacco paper base with different content of calcium carbonate has great influence on the establishment of the model.The reconstituted reconstituted tobacco paper base containing different content of tobacco stem and tobacco powder ratio and external fiber wood pulp has relatively little influence on the establishment of the model.

Abstract:The discussion on food safety regulation has been limited to the protection of the rights and interests of the parties concerned and the legitimacy analysis of the food safety incidents itself. However, the mode of food safety supervision centered on legality has been difficult to bear the demands of modern administration, maintaining social order and promoting social welfare. Using cost benefit analysis, A-A 'and other economic analysis methods, reasonably set up the main body of food safety regulation, reasonably select the opportunity of food safety supervision, and rationally use the control tools of food safety, to promote the optimization of food safety supervision mode. In theory, it has enlightening significance for promoting the paradigm change of administrative law research. In practice, it is of great significance to change the concept of government governance, improve the level of government management, and realize the modernization of government governance ability.

Abstract:Globoidal indexing cam mechanism is one of indexing mechanism with excellent performance.It has the advantages of high speed，large stiffness and strong bearing capacity. In this paper, based on the three-dimensional model of globoidal cam mechanism established by bi-cubic B-spline surface algorithm, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is established with ADAMS software, and its kinematics analysis is carried out to verify the correctness of the model. Meanwhile，the mechanism is simulated and analyzed under different motion parameters, and the curves of angular acceleration and contact force under different parameters are obtained. The analysis of the curve of angular acceleration and contact force shows that the rotational speed and damping coefficient have influence on the dynamic characteristics of globoidal indexing cam. Especially during the grading period, the impact is most obvious. With the increase of the rotational speed of globoidal indexing cam, the angular speed and contact force of indexing-plate increase gradually. With the increase of the damping coefficient, the maximum angular acceleration of the indexing plate will decrease first（minimum at 150 N·s/mm） and then increase, while the contact force between the roller and the indexing plate will increase with the increase of the damping coefficient

Abstract:Based on physics feature of apricots, a semi-automatic continuous apricot pit removing device was designed, with the principle of holding the apricot with soft plastic and stamping with the claw type stamping knife. By using the method of combining a cam intermittent divider and a slide block device, the apricot chain plate could be controlled with regulable stop-and-start. Moreover, the stamping knife could complete a process of stamping once, as soon as this chain plate intermittent pauses. The result showed that the apricot pit removing rate was above 96%, and the apricot meat bring together rate was less than 2.4%, with the apricot pit residual rate less than 3%.

Abstract:In the online detection process of the bearing hole of the trajectory control part of a beverage filling equipment without fixture positioning, an single picture isnt enough for the high-precision detection measuring. This paper proposes a 2 steps method: feature recognition from the overall visual and high resolution local image obtaining by image stitching. Firstly, the feature description matrix is constructed by the central position relationship of the global image bearing hole, and the overall feature hole recognition is performed by the support vector machine (SVM) method. Secondly, for the identified bearing holes, the KAZE method is used to splicing the local feature hole images to achieve high-precision measurement of the bearing holes. Research examples show that the method can quickly achieve high-precision measurement of bearing bores with high measurement efficiency and success rate.

Abstract:In order to study drying characteristics of contact ultrasound strengthened far-infrared radiation drying on potato slices, a far-infrared radiation with ultrasound assistance was applied to study the effects of different ultrasound power and far-infrared radiation drying temperature on drying process and effective moisture diffusivity values of potato. The results showed that the rise of both ultrasound power and radiation temperature could promote the mass and heat transfer in the material, shorten the drying time, and enhance the drying rate effectively of potato slices. The enhancing effect of ultrasound is weakened gradually with the decrease of water content of material and strengthened with the increase of ultrasonic power. The ultrasound strengthening phenomenon of first strengthening and then weakening with the increase of radiation temperature indicates that excessive radiation temperature will weaken the internal mass transfer effect. The effective moisture diffusion coefficient values are in the range of 1.15×10^-10～3.18×10^-10 m²/s, and the increases of both ultrasound power and radiation temperature could promote the flow and diffusion of water, and therefore, improve the corresponding D_eff values. According to the drying process of potato, three neural network models, Elman, RBF and BP, were constructed to predict the material moisture content. The results showed that all the three neural networks could achieve good prediction performance. The BP network model, which using the optimization algorithm could reach the highest fitting precision between the predicted and real values, which indicates that the model could quickly and accurately predict the moisture content of potato during ultrasonic enhanced far-infrared radiation drying process.

Abstract:Far-infrared drying and LF-NMR was used to explore the drying process of Dendrobium huoshanense flowers and Dendrobium officinale flowers. A basic parameter model of the Dendrobium flower was constructed, and the sensory quality of the flower was studied by texture analysis. The results showed that a basic parameter model of the drying of Dendrobium flower was constructed. The sensory quality analysis based on the NMR spectra and texture analyzer indicated that the composition of water after the drying process was primarily conjunctive. The high sensory quality of the hardness and brittleness of the dry flowers of Dendrobium. Flowers of dried Dendrobium species displayed good water uniformity. The experimental data and from a drying dynamics model date with a correlation coefficient square >0.99 were investigated. Correlation analysis of the drying process and the sensory quality of the Dendrobium flower indicated that the production of the dry flower could be enhanced.

Abstract:Low solubility and high cadmium content are the technical bottlenecks of protein resource utilization in rice dregs by-products. Rice dregs with high cadmium content were used as raw materials,Alcalase 2.4 L alkaline protease was selected, The factors of enzymatic hydrolysis of rice dregs were studied by response surface center combinational design. According to the results of single-factor experiment, the time of enzymatic hydrolysis, pH, the amount of enzyme added and the concentration of substrate were taken as the influencing factors, and the soluble nitrogen recovery rate of rice dregs protein was taken as the response value. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were obtained by analyzing the experimental results with the assistance software Design Expert 8.0 and were as followed temperature 60 ℃, enzyme content 1.25%, pH 8.0, substrate concentration 7.5%. Under the condition the rice dregs protein soluble nitrogen recovery rate reached 49.68%. Under the conditon the cadmium content in insoluble enzymatic precipitation was 7.71 mg/kg, which increased by 54.5% by comparing with rice dregs protein. The cadmium content of soluble enzymatic hydrolysis supernatant was 1.43 mg/kg, 71.3% lower than that of rice dregs protein. It was proved that the protease could not only degrade the rice dregs protein into small peptides but also dissociate cadmium from the rice dregs protein.

Abstract:The Galangal was degreased and extracted by methanol to evaluate its polyphenols content and total flavonoids content, and the relationship of them with the antioxidant capacity and inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase were studied. The polyphenols and total flavonoids were determined respectively by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and AlCl₃ colorimetric method. The antioxidant potential was estimated by DPPH method, ABTS method and FRAP method. Additionally, inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase in vitro were also assessed. The results showed that the polyphenols and total flavonoids were 62.91 mg GAE/g DW and 13.12 mg QE/g DW, respectively. When concentration of Galangal methanol extract was near 50 mg/mL, the scavenging rate of DPPH reached 95.78% (IC₅₀=6.37 mg/mL) and ABTS reached 99.03% (IC₅₀=2.24 mg/mL). The FRAP value of the methanol extract was 428.92 μmol Fe²⁺/g DW. The results also showed that inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase, expressed by IC₅₀, were 205.87 mg/mL and 1.32 mg/mL, respectively. In summary, the Galangal contained abundant in polyphenols and flavonoids, and had strong antioxidant and inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase, and this inclined its prospective explorement of the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic products.

Abstract:The comparison of antioxidant activity and inhibition efficiency on LDL oxidation of two kinds of clove oil were studied by spectrophotometry and fluorescence analysis in this study. The results showed as follows. The scavenging ability on DPPH radicals, total reducing and antioxidant capacities, ferric reducing antioxidant power of COESD were significantly stronger than those of COESM (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). During LDL oxidation, the inhibition effect of COESD on tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence quenching, the formation of total fluorescence products and lipofuscins, lysine (Lys) modification detected by MDA and UV-Visible scanning spectra were also better than those of COESM. The results of active component content analyses showed that COESD contained more total polyphenols and flavonoids than COESM. This study provided the reference for further research and development of clove oil.

Abstract:In order to compare the phenols compounds and antioxidant ability of different pear wines which were brewed by 11 varieties of pear after being respectively inoculated yeast strain RC212，kinds and contents of phenols in these pear wines were analyzed by high performanc liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the antioxidant ability was evaluated as well using the assay of scavenging capacities on DPPH· radical. It was concluded that differences existed among different varieties of pear wines in the phenols compounds and antioxidant ability. The highest contents of phenols compounds and the highest antioxidant ability were both found in pear wine brewed by Nanguo pear, while the lowest contents of phenols compounds were found in pear wine brewed by Ya pear, Nansui pear and Hongxiangsu pear. The lowest antioxidant ability was found in that of Hongxiangsu pear, Ya pear and Zaosuhong pear.

Abstract:In order to minimize the beany flavor and improve the quality of soybean milk, the pulping of soybean milk coupled with steam inactive lipoxygenase (lox) activity was investigated. The effect of three factors, including temperature, heating rate, and soaking time, impacting on the lipoxygenase (lox) activity and sensory evaluation of odor of product, were evaluated based on the results of single-factor experiment. Thenafter, the response surface methodology was applied to find optimal condition for the denaturation of the lipoxygenase (lox). The optimum conditions were as follows: being heated at 95.34 ℃, with heating rate of 0.37 ℃/s and soaking for 10.53 h.

Abstract:The quality control of chicken oil processing process was carried out with the acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, fatty acid composition and aroma components as index. The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in chicken oil was more than 60%, that of oleic acid was the highest (39.79%). The acid value and peroxide value of chicken oil decreased first and then increased, while the iodine value showed a downward trend. The fatty acid composition of chicken oil was not affected by the processing process, but the aroma components of chicken oil products varied greatly, and the most odorous substance in air medium was 2,3-Pentanedione.

Abstract:In order to improve the quality of duck blood tofu, the effect of transglutaminase on the duck blood gel properties was studied. The effects of transglutaminase dosage and holding time on the water holding capacity, texture and color of duck blood tofu were studied by means of physical property analyzer, high-precision spectrophotometry color analyzer, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer and scanning electron microscope. On the basis of single factor experiment, the optimum enzyme treatment method was determined by orthogonal design factor level of enzyme addition amount and holding time, and the steaming loss rate was taken as index. The best enzyme treatment method was determined as follows: the amount of transglutaminase added was 0.25% and kept at 40 ℃ for 30 minutes. The results of relaxation time, water distribution, texture and microstructure showed that the addition of transglutaminase could significantly improve the water holding capacity, adhesion and cohesion of duck blood tofu at this level.

Abstract:Pueraria lobata extract was used as raw material, and gelatin as a gelling agent was used to study the preparation process of soft candy and its antioxidant activity. Taking texture parameters and sensory scores as the evaluation criteria, the amount of Pueraria lobata extracts, gelatin, sucrose, and citric acid was determined by a single-factor test and orthogonal test. Results: with the Pueraria lobata extracts of 30%, gelatin of 16%, sucrose of 25%, and citric acid of 0.1%, the Gegen gum was prepared had the suitable hardness and elastic toughness, chewiness, with the sensory score up to 87. And under this condition, the flavone content of jellybean was 126.10 μg/g. DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates were 46.3%, 33.7%, and 62.1%, respectively.

Abstract:In order to objectively and accurately evaluate the uniformity of cut tobacco, reconstituted tobacco and cut stem in tobacco formula, this paper established a method for evaluating the uniformity of tobacco formula based on the difference between the theoretical value and the actual value of total sugar/cellulose. This method was evaluated, applied and compared by constructing different proportion of reconstituted tobacco and cut stem. The results showed that:The content of total sugar and cellulose in cut tobacco, reconstituted tobacco and cut stem is different. Total sugar: cut tobacco ＞ cut stem ＞ reconstituted tobacco, cellulose: reconstituted tobacco ＞ cut stem ＞ cut tobacco. In the experimental range, the use of total sugar and cellulose as indicators for uniformity evaluation has good sensitivity and accuracy. When setting the ratio of reconstituted tobacco and cut stems to 5% to 15%, The sensitivity of cellulose/total sugar and total sugar/cellulose is 32% and 40%. When the blending ratio of actual reconstituted tobacco and cut silk is 6% to 9%, the relative difference between the actual detection value and theoretical prediction of total sugar and cellulose is less than <1%. By evaluated the uniformity of the tobacco formula in the silk-making process and compared with the standard method YC/T 426—2012, our method has good practicability and can be used as a supplementary method to determine the uniformity of the cut tobacco in actual production.

Abstract:This review examines the research progresses on carcinogenicity and toxicity of areca nut in recent years. After summarizing the carcinogenic components, carcinogenicity and toxicity, and the relationship with the incidence of malignant cancers, the review focus on the mechanism of areca inducing cancer, especially oral cancer, and its reproductive toxicity and neurotoxicity. Finally, the review concentrates on providing references for the prevention and treatment of oral submucosal fibrosis, oral cancer and other malignant diseases.

Abstract:Glycosylation modification of food proteins with reducing sugars allows covalent attachment of the ε-amino group of the protein to the reducing carbonyl group of the sugar by Maillard reaction, which does not require any chemical catalyst, and is a green and effective chemical modification method. We systematically introduced the reaction mechanism, reaction markers, modification methods and functional properties of protein glycosylation, and discussed the research direction of protein glycosylation.

Abstract:In this review, the research situation of the preparation and identification methods of proteins glycosylation in recent years at home and abroad were introduced. Moreover, the factors affecting protein glycosylation were systematically reviewed, and the methods of protein glycosylation including those of dry heat, moist heat and the auxiliary one derived from moist heat method were compared and analyzed. In addition, the principle and application of product identification method were also reviewed.

Abstract:This article reviews the research progress of food polyphenols intervention on type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in recent years. And it expounds the possible mechanism of food polyphenols on hyperglycemia regulation. It is necessary to excavate more effective ingredient from food materials to provide more theoretical guidance for the development of hypoglycemic health food diabetics.

Abstract:This study reviewed the production of bioactive peptides in cheese, and summarized the types and research progress of several bioactive peptides commonly found in cheese. The research progress of bioactive peptides in bioavailability and the effects on the intestinal flora was described, and the research prospects of bioactive peptides in cheese were summarized and prospected.

Abstract:RFID technology is simple, flexible and practical. It has been applied to food traceability systems to ensure the quality and safety of food materials. In this paper, the concept of food safety and traceability, and RFID technology are introduced. The research progress in food traceability systems such as dairy products, animal products, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables is summarized. And the advantages of RFID technology and its application difficulties are analyzed. This paper will provide the theoretical guidance to a traceability system for food quality and safety.

Abstract:Nano-emulsion is a kind of delivery system for functional ingredients, which can enhance the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Several macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins can be used as emulsifiers to prepare nano-emulsion with high safety, which have great application potential in food industry. In this paper, the selection of core materials, oil phases and emulsifiers, and their effects on the characteristics of nano-emulsion were summarized, and the preparation methods, physicochemical properties and application prospect of nano-emulsion were.also discussed.

Abstract:In this review, the main preservation problems of fresh wet noodles during storage were introduced. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the domestic and international research status and development trendancy of some preservation technologies, including chemical preservatives, atmosphere controlling, and the usage of irradiation in fresh wet noodles, were described.

Abstract:In this paper, the quality characteristics of mung bean and the types of microbial strains used in fermented mung bean products were summarized. And the types of mung bean fermented food and their functional properties were also introduced. Furthermore, the problems and suggestions were listed in the paper, which was helpful to develop and utilize the mung bean.