Abstract:The effects of protein concentration, temperature, heating time, salt ions and their concentration, and pH on the antioxidant activities of proteins including peach kernel protein isolates(PKPI), soy protein isolates (SPI), whey protein isolates (WPI), casein(CA) were investigated by deterrnining their DPPH free radical scavenging capacities, and taking 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) as the control. The results showed that at the concentrations of 0.05～2.00 g/100 mL, the antioxidant activities of these proteins increased with the increase in the concentration; Temperature had different effects on proteins’ antioxidant capacities with PKPI, WPI, CA, and SPI obtaining the best antioxidant activities at 40, 40, 30 and 70 ℃, respectively. Little effects of heating time were observed on SPI, CA and PKPI antioxidant activities at their optimal temperatures, respectively, while increasing heating time somehow improved the antioxidant activity of WPI at 40 ℃. 0～10 mmol/L, NaCl and CaCl₂ had less impact on the antioxidant activities of CA and SPI than that of WPI. Moreover, the effect of CaCl₂ on the decreased antioxidant capability of WPI was bigger than NaCl. NaCl had little influence on the antioxidant capacity of PKPI. However, increasing CaCl₂ reduced PKPI’s antioxidant activity. These proteins’ antioxidant activities were greatly influenced by pH. And at pH 2.0, their antioxidant capacities were higher than those at pH 8.0.

Abstract:Peroxyl radical which derived from thermal decomposition of different concentration of 2, 2’-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was used to oxidize rice protein, and effect of oxidative modification by peroxyl radical on functional properties of rice protein was investigated. The results indicated that rice protein carbonyl content increased as concentration of AAPH increased, which indicated that incubation with AAPH lead to oxidation of rice protein. As the concentrations of AAPH increased, absolute value of zeta potential, solubility, water holding capacity, foaming properties, emulsion properties of rice protein decreased, and oil holding capacity increased. Absolute value of zeta potential of rice protein decreased by 45.70%, solubility decreased by 28.04%, water holding capacity decreased by 58.02%, foaming capacity decreased by 14.61%, foaming stability decreased by 9.66%, emulsion activity decreased by 16.85%, emulsion stability decreased by 9.23%, and oil holding capacity increased by 34.84%. The results indicated that oxidation of rice protein induced by peroxyl radical changed significantly functional properties of rice protein.

Abstract:This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different homogenization pressure (0～120 MPa) on the functional and physicochemical properties of 4% rice protein. The results showed that with the increase of pressure, the solubility of rice protein significantly increased (P<0.01), and reached the maximum at 120 MPa, which was 82.09 μg/mL; emulsifying activity index first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at 80 MPa, which was 14.82 m²/g; and the emulsifying stability index decreased. Under the treatment of pressure, particle size of rice protein decreased, with the changes of ionic bond insignificant (P>0.05), hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic interaction and the contents of sulfhydryl and disulfide bond insignificantly changed (P<0.05), and suggested the three dimensionalstructure of rice protein was affected by high pressure homogenization.

Abstract:Aimed at the severe contamination of AFB₁ in corn, effect of specific gravity separation on AFB₁-contaminated corn has been investigated. In this study, air volume, longitudinal gradient and amplitude have a significant influence on separation results. With air volume 6 000 m³/h, longitudinal gradient 7°, amplitude 15 mm, different levels of contaminated corn were separated with specific gravity. AFB₁ concentrations in obtained heavy corn were decreased by 21.2% and 38.4% respectively compared with the materials. The ratio of light corn and broken percentage of corn was moderate. As the specific gravity equipment is very significant in grain production, using specific gravity method to decrease AFB₁ in corn is practical and promising.

Abstract:Three types of amylose with different chain length were prepared. And each of them was added to waxy maize starch in the proportion of 8%, 15%, 25%, respectively. The mixed gelatinized starch solution was cast on to a plastic plate and dried at 23 ℃ in relative humidity (RH) of 85% for 3 days. The short amylose, i.e. debranched waxy maize starch (DWMS), mixed well with waxy maize starchwithout phase separation. But phase separation was found in the medium chain, i.e maize amylose (MAM), and long chain amylose, ie potato amylose (PAM), added films. Adding amylose promote crystallization of waxy maize starch. Waxy maize starch film was amorphous. When DWMS proportionincreased from 0% to 15%, the crystallinity of the waxy maize starch based film is increased, but further increase of DWMS proportion resulted in decrease of crystallinity; and the film crystallinity increased along with increase the proportion of MAM and PAM from 0% to 25%.The crystallinity of starch film was positively correlated with TS (r=0.771) and PS (r=0.780), and negatively correlated with P_oil (r=-0.730). Waxy maize starch films and DWMS containing films exhibited good light permeability and solubility, whereas the light permeability and solubility were decreased with increase of the amylose chain length and the proportion of medium and long chain amylose.

Abstract:Effects of lipase activity regulation in ionic liquids on synthesis of starch stearate were investigated in the present study. The results showed that degree of substitution of starch stearate increased with increasing water activity and the amount of hydrated salts. When water activity reached 0.61, the amount of addition was 80%, the degree of substitution reached maximum value of 0.111. The catalytic capability of enzyme is sensitive to pH values, and the highest degree of substitution could be obtained when the lyophozyme in a buffer solution with pH 7.1,when proper additive quantity of lyophozyme was 10.4%. The lipase that lyophilized with organic compounds such as Glycine and polyethylene glycol showed higher catalytic efficiency in ionic liquids than the enzyme without any protective agent. Lipase was found working most efficiently when polyethylene glycol was used as protective agent.

Abstract:Volatile compounds in whey sample in different stages during traditional brewing processing were analyzed by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS—SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC—MS) technique. The results indicated that 59 kinds of volatile components were identified，including alcohols, olefins, aldehydes and ketones, esters, acids. Totally 24, 29, 34, 34 and 36 kinds of volatile components were identified in whey samples fermented for 0, 24th, 48th, 72th, and 96th hours, respectively. Among them, twelve volatile compounds were common to the five samples. With the fermentation, the amounts of volatile components were increased, and esters were newly detected. The relative contents of alcohols and olefins were decreased, whereas the relative contents of esters and acids were increased at the fermentation early stage. However, the relative contents of all kinds of volatile components changed slightly at the post-fermentation stage. In addition, the relative contents of aldehydes and ketones had no obviously changed. Among these volatile compounds, dipentene, ethyl acetate, hexanal, pinene, phenethyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, acetic acid, propyl acetate had an important contribution to the flavor of whey during the fermentation processing.

Abstract:In order to get the shear mechanical properties of flaxseed, the Texture Analyzer was used to study the shear properties of flaxseed. First flaxseeds were dried, and then the effect of moisture content and loading rate on shear mechanical properties was studied. The results showed the curve of drying time and moisture content was established. The maximum shear force of flaxseed was between 10.43 N and 12.55 N, and the shear power was 2.277 mJ to 3.677 mJ. Under the same loading rate, shear force and shear power of flaxseed with different moisture content had a difference. The analysis of variance show that the moisture content has a significant impact on the maximum shear force and the shear power(P<0.05). And the loading rate does not indicate a significant impact (P>0.05).

Abstract:Near infrared spectroscopy data from 135 apple samples of different storage periods were determined, the charactar of them was extracted and analyzed using principal components analysis. Therefor an ANN model for detection of apple chewiness was established. Our results showed that the preprocessing of spectrum scattering was the weighted multiple scatter correction(WMSC) and mathematics processing was “2441”. The structure of the artificial neural network mode was 3—16—1, established after extracting 3 principle component as the characteristic variables of the original information. The decision coefficient of our model on validation is 0.992 4, and the root mean square error is 0.000 108 2. Our results confirmed that the near infrared spectroscopy technology can use to detect the chewiness of apple rapidly, without forecast destructive.

Abstract:Fresh plants of T. chinensis collected from Inner Mongolia were used to isolated the endophytic fungi from their roots, stems and leaves after superficial disinfection. According to the morphological characteristics observation and microscopy examination, 6 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from the T. chinensis, including four strains from the leaves, one from the stems, and one from the roots. All the separated fungi strains were identified as penicillium genus (Pinicielium).

Abstract:The quercetin in the 80% ethanol extract of lotus seed pod was identified with UV, TLC, IR and HPLC, and its biology activity was also studied. Results: That the alcohol extract of lotus seed pod contained quercetin; Taking the V_C and tea polyphenol as positive control, the ·OH, O^-₂·, DPPH and ABTS⁺ scavenging activity of 92.02%, 98.54%, 93.12% and 91.32%, respectively, when the concentration of quercetin in the 80% ethanol extract of lotus seed pod reached 8.6583 mg/mL; The MIC of the ethanol extract of lotus seed pod to escherichia coli, yeast and Salmonella was 0.8 mg/mL (quercetin concentration), to staphylococcus aureus was 0.6 mg/mL (quercetin concentration), but didn’t show obvious inhibitory effect on mould. The alcohol extract of lotus seed pod has antioxidant properties and antibacterial properties, and has positive correlation to the concentration of quercetin (R>0.980 0, P<0.05).

Abstract:从汾酒大曲中分离出15株可以产生TTMP的芽孢杆菌。通过观察菌落形态的基本特征和细胞的显微形态图对其进行纯种确认，采用气相色谱法筛选出3株高产TTMP的芽孢杆菌，并利用16S rDNA序列测定法进行菌种鉴定，得出3株高产TTMP的芽孢杆菌中2株为枯草芽孢杆菌、1株为弯曲芽孢杆菌，该结果增加了TTMP高产菌株的类型范围，为TTMP的生产实践应用提供了依据。

Abstract:Enriched the drinking water by using tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFF), extracted the genomic DNA, amplified 16S rDNA V4+V5 region, a total of 45 093 sequences and the average length of the 395.65 bp sequence were got. After high throughput sequencing bioinformatics analysis including annotation, evaluation, species composition analysis, β- diversity analysis, species difference analysis, RDA analysis etc., the bacterial diversity and the abundance in drinking water was got. In the result, the bacterial diversity is uncertainty and randomness in drinking water, the water quality parameters of turbidity and residual chlorine are biggest influence on the bacterial diversity in drinking water, but the bacteria bio-information which got by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing may exist without activity or ‘viable but non-culturable bacteria’, but these bacteria are difficult to culture. High-throughput sequencing technology is a good technology for analyzing the bacteria in drinking water.

Abstract:The potassium permanganate consumption of the tin cans coated with epoxy phenolic coatings as the protective layer was detected according to the national standard of GB/T 5009.60-2003 method for analysis of hygienic standard of products of polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropyrene for food packaging. The method required accurate titer of potassium permanganate standard solution, and was not suitable for daily rapid detection. The test method adjusted the concentration of potassium permanganate solution and determined the value of f instead of the titration process of the standard solution. By the data analysis of two kinds of test conditions, the creditability and feasibility of the test method was ensured. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the test results and the national standard method results, and because of convenience and easy operation of the method,and the test method was more suitable for routine detection of enterprises.

Abstract:In the present study, A new type metal organic framework (MOFs) UiO-66(Zr) was used as the adsorbent to study the influence on adsorption of As³⁺, including the adsorption time,temperature, and solution pH, and an adsorption kinetics model of As³⁺ was established through the researches on adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics. Our results showed that the new material UiO-66(Zr) has a high absorptivity for As³⁺ in wide-scope pH value solutions and the best pH value is 6.0. Excellent adsorptive property was found when using the solutions with the initial concentration ranging from 10 to 60 μg/L, and the UiO-66(Zr) adsorption rate can reach to about 99%. Researchs on adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption process of new material UiO-66(Zr) for As³⁺ was consistent well with the Langmuir model in thermodynamics, a monolayer adsorption one. Meanwhile, pseudo-second order kinetic model could fit the adsorption process (R²=1.000) very well. Thus, we supposed that the new material UiO-66(Zr) might be used as a good adsorbent for As³⁺ adsorption, separation and enrichment.

Abstract:Based on ompA gene sequence of Enterobacter sakazakii, the specific primer and probe were designed. An internal amplification control (IAC) was added and used to monitor the performance of reaction system. The assay could be used reliably to detect E. sakazakii genome DNA with the sensitivity of 1 pg. The detection limit for E. sakazakii was 1×10⁴ CFU when used the DNA extracted by water boiling as the template. With the use of ompA, the detection limit can reach 10³ copies. Through the standard curves of ompA, the quantification was linear between Ct and template copy number (R²=0.999). For the artificially contaminated powered milk with the concentration of 10 CFU/25 g, the E. sakazakii could be detected after 10 hours culture when used the DNA extracted by commercial kit and water boiling. The E. sakazakii fluorescence quantitative PCR assay provides reference data for optimization and modification of the standardized molecular biochemical approach of E. sakazakii.

Abstract:Microwave-assisted extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MAE—HPLC—ICP—MS) method was developed to determine the contents of arsenic species in rice. Treatments in optimal conditions of 80 ℃, microwave power of 600 W, for 20 min, As(Ⅲ), DMA, MMA, As(Ⅴ) could be completely extracted. Linear correlations of As(Ⅲ), DMA, MMA, As(Ⅴ) were satisfactory. Recoveries was between 86.15%～109.80%. The determination of As(Ⅲ), DMA and As(Ⅴ) by the proposed method in this study was comparable to that by national standard (GB/T 5009.11—2014). MMA determined by this proposed method was higher than that by national standard, indicating a better extraction. Our results showed that different arsenic species could be detected in both raw and cooked rice, and the proportions of As(Ⅲ) and DMA were found declined, but As(Ⅴ) and MMA increased in the latter respectively. The total arsenic content decreased during cooking by 8.77%.

Abstract:In order to solve the problems and low accuracy modeling in globoidal cam designing as well as instability during high-speed filling, the mathematical model of profile surface of the globoidal cam was set up based on filling requirements and motion relationship between globoidal cam and indexing plate. The segmentation modeling is applied to create 3D solid model of globoidal cam. Surface analysis, inference inspection and kinematic analysis are studied for the created 3D model of globoidal cam, and the results showed that a high modeling accuracy was obtained, which may meet the design requirements of globoidal cam device for high-speed filling.

Abstract:Based on working principle of forming packaging machine, it can be concluded that the profile of cam is the equidistant curve of the relative motion curve of driving and driven parts.Taking the cam blank as “paper part” and the center of the pulley as the reference, the equidistant curve of heat sealing cam will be created more conveniently and rapidly by using “Trace Curve” function of Creo Parametric.The method is applied to a certain type of forming packaging machine as an example. This method can be more regenerative by using parametric function of Creo, and it will be effectual in the condition of providing the motion principal of cam and swing link clearly. The method can be applied to obtain the key curve of two relative motion components, taking the profile curve of product manufactured by cutting tools in example.

Abstract:Based on the analysis on the working principle of the reciprocating cutter, the cutting performance of the cutter was simulated by Matlab to realize numerical simulation.. Taking the missing region rate and repeated cutting region rate as the cutting performance evaluation standards for the cutter, the effects of different cutting parameters on the cutting performance of the reciprocating cutter were studied, such as cutting edge height, forward speed of the cutter, front axle width and crank angular velocity. By range analysis and analysis of variance, the key factors were determined, which affecting the cutting performance of the reciprocating cutter and degree of significance of these factors. According to results, the crank angular velocity had the highest effect on cutting performance, followed by cutting edge height and forward speed of the cutter, and The impact from front axle width is minimal. These research results provide experimental evidence for designing better reciprocating cutters.

Abstract:The whirlpool separator, which is a typical solid-liquid separation equipment, is one of the requested equipment in beer brewing. This study conducted by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology examined the feed tube angles of 0～25° on the separation effect of whirlpool settling vat in order to find swing settlement regularity in the process. Results showed that, under the same feeding condition, the sedimentation effect could be improved by increasing incident angle within a certain degree. Nevertheless, increasing the incident angle to further degree would reduce the settlement effect. The result provides reference for structure design and optimization of whirlpool separator.

Abstract:In order to solve the problem of temperature rise in heat pump drying rice in autumn. Two drying test scheme were been set, for the low temperature constant rate drying and variable wind speed drying. Both the total energy consumption and exergy analysis were been taken comparison of the drying process of rice. Experimental results show that the drying rate increases with wind speed and temperature go up in constant speed drying process. However, both the exergy efficiency and total energy consumption decrease with the increase of the wind speed. The total energy consumption of the variable wind speed drying is lower than that of the big constant wind speed experience groups. And the drying time is shorter than the small constant wind speed groups under the same temperature condition. The optimal parameters are obtained by experiment is that the first 7 hours the wind speed is 0.7 m/s, then 0.4 m/s. When the temperature is 45 ℃, the exergy efficiency is 44.05% and the temperature in 55 ℃ is 57.49%. It has a certain guiding significance for rice drying in southern china.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of disadvantages of the green-husk walnuts stripping methods and the characteristics of ripened walnuts, the pressing test was carried out, and pressure-deformation figure of ripened green husk walnut was mapped. By analysis of test data, the breakdown pressure and the corresponding compression of the ripened walnut green husk and shell were determined. Based on the significant difference on breakdown pressure between the green husk and shell, and the state of green husk rupture and separation by pressing, the method of stripping off green-husk by pressing is put forward. These results provide the basis for new equipment development.

Abstract:The study developed an automatically cleaning impurity and sorting device of tomato sauce production line. The device is constitutes with the bracket, sprocket wheel, sprocket roller sieve, discharging tray, gear motor, photoelectric sensor and automatic control system. By the experimental analysis, the average sorting fruits selection rate of the device is as high as 97%, average lump impurity removal rate was 78%, average strip impurity removal rate was 99%, Suitable for continuous treatment of a large number of raw materials containing impurities, to meet the actual needs of production.

Abstract:A new prototype of continuous belt rice steamer was proposed. Firstly, an introduction of working principle was made, and then by experiments and calculations, the parameters for steaming and cleaning processes were obtained respectively. The problems were also illustrated, such as running speed in steaming, how to controlling of the rice softness, and the operation of the spray system. Experimental results showed that the newly presented rice steamer had numerous benefits, such as simplified structure, fewer breakdown proportion, less service requirements, adjustable output, integration of cooking and cleaning,etc, which make it fit the concept for modern product design.

Abstract:Aiming at problems such as heavy environmental pollution, great losses in heart as well as inconvenient cleaning and carrying during the roasting process of current roasters, this thesis designs a kind of new portable roaster taking outdoor flat gas tank as heat source and combining with infrared flame burner and rotary roasting roaster. In the meanwhile, by using ANSYS software, the thesis builds a model to analyze the temperature distribution of the roaster and the meat. The simulated analysis shows that the overall temperature distribution of the roaster is reasonable and the heat preservation effect is good. At last, through orthogonal experiment and optimize the barbecue furnace performance, the thesis tests the performance of the roaster and use SPSS software to analyze. The orthogonal experiment analysis result indicates that the fire type of the roaster is that “the furnace surface is slight red with blue flocculent flame.” When the rotary speed is 3 r/min and the roasting time is 7 min, the roasted meat is better.

Abstract:The composition and contents of the main fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) in the linseed oil. The changes of the main fatty acids and peroxide value in the linseed oil during the storage were analysed by ccelerated oxidation method. The results showed that five kinds of main fatty acids are included in linseed oil, namely linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and 53.6% of them was linolenic acid. With the extension of storage time, the contents of every kind of unsaturated fatty acids in linseed oil decreased, showing a linear relevance to the degree of unsaturation. Moreover, the peroxide value was found decreased also, but the saturated fatty acids contents unchanged.

Abstract:The egg shells with different dark spots coverage (0%, 10%, 30%, 60%) were selected to study the influence of dark spots on the eggs’ storage properties. The quality indexes of eggs including freshness indexes (weight loss, relative density, yolk index, egg white pH value, Haugh unit, etc.) and microbial indexes(total bacterial counts, E. coli, mold, Salmonella, etc.)were analysed during storage. The results showed that the rate of freshness declined and microbial growth of dark spots eggs were faster than those normal. Morover, with the increase of egg shell dark spots coverage, the freshness declining and the microbe growing became faster during the storage. The dark spots in egg shells could deteriorate the quality of eggs and shorten their storage period.

Abstract:In order to explore the mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effect on the different storage periods of Korean soybean paste. In this study, on the basis of detecting mutagenicity effect by modified Ames test, and detecting the anti-mutagenic effects of the Korean soybean paste samples with different storage time have on Mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Result: the mutagenicity of Korean soybean paste were negative; Anti-mutagenic effect were enhanced with the extension of storage time and the concentration, the anti-mutagenic effect of TA100 and TA98 strains induced by Trp-p-1 and MNNG reached the maximum value at 12 months of storage. And there was a dose-concentration-response relationship. At the same time, there was significant inhibitory effect of Korean soybean paste extracts with storage 12 months on mouse bone marrow micronucleus, the highest inhibition rate was up to 46.5% in the test. The results showed the strongest anti-mutagenic effect of Korean soybean paste was which stored for 12 months and no mutagenicity found, provided an experimental proof for the further development of Korean soybean paste in nutritional, functional, and for basic research and the promotion of cancer diet.

Abstract:Eleven kinds of celery in Beijing were used. Six Indices including water content, chlorophyll content, respiration intensity, relative conductivity, cellulose content and lignin content of celery were measured. The results showed that, during the storage period, water content in Japanese Small Parsley and White Celery decreased sharply; chlorophyll content in Majiagou, Emperor and Jade Emperor maintained at a high level, but it is low in Purple Celery and White Celery, while the lowest level appeared in Jade Emperor and White Celery; White Celery entered the stage of senescence in the 1st day with the respiratory top; White Celery and Purple Celery's relative conductivity increased much more than the others; White Celery lost its commodity in the 4th day; lignin content of White Celery is highest in all cultivars, while Sidide showed the lowest. According to this study, Sidide owned a best storage characteristic, but White celery was the worst one.

Abstract:Ventilation cooling technology by cover surface and guiding flow was used to store paddy, and effects of storage on moisture content, yellow-colored rice, fatty acid value, tasting score value of milled rice, husked rice yield, head rice yield of paddy were investigated respectively. Compared to conventional storage, the results indicated that the application of ventilation cooling technology by cover surface and guiding flow could decrease moisture content loss of paddy as 0.5%. Moreover, the content of yellow-colored rice was found remaining at around 0.1%, lower than that of the control storehouse as 0.8%, and fatty acid value was 19.2 mg KOH/100 g, lower than that of the control storehouse as 7.6 mg KOH/100 g. Tasting score value of milled rice was 79 points, which was higher than that of the control storehouse as 7 points. The results implied that ventilation cooling technology by cover surface and guiding flow could take the advantages the grain heap “cold heart”, and then the paddy was stored at low-temperature or quasi-low-temperature without insects all year round. This may help to achieve green storage without fumigation.

Abstract:为了保持葵花籽储藏中营养品质，采用CO₂充气包装，研究CO₂浓度分别为10%，50%，100%及自然空气对照组在储藏8个月的过程中葵花籽水分含量、蛋白质、脂肪、碘值变化的影响。结果表明，充气组储藏条件下，葵花籽水分含量变化为25%左右，有利于葵花籽储藏；纯CO₂组蛋白质总含量变化为0.9%，而10% CO₂、50% CO₂为16%左右；充气组葵花籽仁含油量变化基本维持在6.91%～7.38%；碘值变化维持在117.11～141.91 g/100 g。因此，采用纯CO₂储藏葵花籽的营养品质在整个储藏期几乎不变。

Abstract:The study was to investigate the effect of packing materials (PVC, composite aluminum foil bag) and methods (generally packing, vacuum packing) on the quality of duck meat during the storage at 4 ℃. The results showed that the duck meat packed with the same method, which packed with the aluminum foil bag material have maintained good color and water holding capacity. The value of the total volatile basic nitrogen was low, and the value of pH was stability. The quality of duck meat packed with the aluminum foil bag material was better than packed with PVC. The duck meat packed with the same material, which packed with the vacuum package have good color and water holding capacity, and the values of acid and peroxide and the total volatile basic nitrogen was low. The vacuum package, compared to general package, inhibited the deterioration of duck meat. The shelf life of duck meat vacuum-packed with composite foil bags was 8 days at 4 ℃.

Abstract:Using the spore germination rate as evaluation index, study the effects of light, storage temperature, oxidation reduction potential, metal ions and low concentration of lactic acid on Monascus purpureus congjiang var. spore viability. The results showed that at the 2 ℃low-temperature storage, darkness, adding 400 μg/mL of V_C, adding 1% lactic acid were beneficial to the Monascus purpureus congjiang var. spore viability. With the addition of 400 μg/mL V_C had the highest activity, spore germination rate reached 74.22%; treatments of light, ultraviolet rays, 0.1% H₂O₂, Monascus purpureus congjiang var. spore germination rate were significantly reduced.

Abstract:Based on the NF-κB inhibition data provided by literature, the descriptors of 17 resveratrol analogues were obtained though the iterative method for optimization, according the approach of quantifying substituent and substituted positions. The Qantitative Structure-activity Relationship model was built up by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the sequence of substituents to inhibit the activation of the oncogenic transcription factor NF-κB was -OH ＞-Naphthyl ＞-CF3 ＞-MeO ＞-Me2N ＞-F, and the NF-κB inhibition of 3th substituted position was greater than the one of 4th substituted position, and the inhibition of 4th substituted position was greater than the one of 5th substituted position.

Abstract:The polysaccharide was from Spirulina powder by the means of hot water extraction after repeated freezing-thawing cycles and ultrasonic treatment. The effects of lasted time and extraction temperature and time, ratio of solid to liquid and times of extraction on polysaccharide yield were studied by single factor and orthogonal experiments. PSP was separated into PSP-3 by membrane separation techniques, and it was investigated by MTT assay on colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2 cell growth inhibition) to determine the optimal concentration. Finally, the molecular of PSP-3 was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Experiment results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: ultrasonic treating time 20 min, extracting temperature 90 ℃, ratio of material to liquid 125, extracting time 1.5 hours, extracting time twice. Under the conditions, the yield reached (13.17 ± 0.49)%, being 1.59 times of the polysaccharides prepared by traditional water extraction. PSP was separated and purified into PSP-3 and its inhibition on colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2 cells) was investigated. The results indicated that the molecular weight of PSP-3 was 623.02 kDa and the optimum inhibitory concentration was 5.00 mg/mL, with IC₅₀ value of 0. 63 mg/mL.

Abstract:To study the effects of blueberry anthocyanin on organ tissue antioxidant activity in experimental diabetic mice. The instreptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were divided into different groups. Diabetic mice were administered for 4 weeks, Malondialdehyde content, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxides, total antioxidant capacity, inhibiting ability of hydroxyl radicals on organ tissue were determined. The experimental data showed that model with blueberry anthocyanin group compared with model control, the content of Malondialdehyde were significantly reduced (P<0.05) while glutathione peroxidase，superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, inhibiting hydroxyl free radical ability increased markedly in the tissue of all organ (P<0.05). It shows that Blueberry anthocyanin can enhance the cell tissue antioxidant activity.

Abstract:Using the roots of Arctium lappa L. as materials to extract polysaccharides from the roots of Arctium lappa L. The influences of different drying methods were studied, including hot air drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying, on the physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from roots of Arctium lappa L.. Hot air drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying methods polysaccharides from roots of Arctium lappa L. were all gray solid, non-starch polysaccharides and no polyphenols content. Freezing drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides had higher total sugar and protein. And the contents of total sugar and protein were (90.72±1.45)% and (2.41±0.17)%. Vacuum drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides had higher uronic acid. And the content of uronic acid was (2.66±0.09)%. Three different drying methods have a certain influence on molecular weight and antioxidant activities of ALP. It was clearly demonstrated that the IC₅₀ of hot air drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides and vacuuming drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides removing DPPH, ·OH and reducing power were higher than that of freezing drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides. The IC₅₀ of freezing drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides on DPPH, ·OH, and reducing power were 2.11, 2.44 and 3.68 mg/mL, respecitively. Freezing drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides had higher antioxidant activities than hot air drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides and vacuuming drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides.

Abstract:The water chestnut as raw material, the extraction conditions of polysaccharide were studied by single factor and orthogonal experiment, antioxidant activity on polysaccharide from water chestnut was detected, respectively. The results showed that with distilled water as extraction solvent, extracting process of polysaccharide from water chestnut had microwave power of 600 W, solid-liquid ratio of 115, extracting time of 3 min, under these conditions, the extraction rate of polysaccharide could reach 8.12%, and the polysaccharide purity could up to 83.2%. The polysaccharide from water chestnut had strong reduction power and scavenging ability to hydroxyl radicals in the range of 0.01～0.10 mg/mL mass concentration, and the removal rate of hydroxyl radical reached 46.18% when the concentration of polysaccharide was 0.10 mg/mL.

Abstract:The antioxidant activity in vitro experimental model method is adopted, with control of Vc and V_E, a comparative study of supercritical CO₂ extraction and petroleum ether extraction and supercritical CO₂ extraction after degumming and bleaching of three kinds of process technology for preparation of pepper seed oil antioxidant activity.The results show that the reduction ability of pepper seed oil and the hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion free radicals and H₂O₂ scavenging rate from high to low process followed by supercritical fluid extraction after degumming and bleaching, supercritical fluid extraction, petroleum ether extraction, DPPH free radical scavenging rate from high to low craft followed by petroleum ether extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction degumming and bleaching;Super critical fluid extraction after degumming and bleaching, supercritical fluid extraction, petroleum ether extraction of three kinds of technology to prepare the pepper seed oil on superoxide anion free radical IC₅₀ respectively 0.09 mg/mL, 0.13 mg/mL, 0.34 mg/mL. The IC₅₀ of hydroxyl radicals respectively for 0.98 mg/mL, 1.73 mg/mL, 2.19 mg/mL. The IC₅₀ of DPPH free radical respectively for 38.47 mg/mL, 10.82 mg/mL, 2.00 mg/mL; It is showed that the three kinds of process, pepper seed oil using supercritical CO₂ extraction after decolorization of the best.

Abstract:In order to find an efficient and systematic way of producing and purifying geraniol glycosidase，an improved method of Koenigs-Knorr was gotten, which used the silicone to hold silver carbonate catalyst to improve the productivity and perfects the synthesis process, separating and purifying the crude sample by silica gel column chromatography(SGCC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . The method of SGCC applies the thin plate chromatography to get the better flow matches which is the ethyl acetate and ethanol according to 50:1, 40:1, 30:1, but the HPLC selects water and acetonitrile which is to 45:55, each of the two flows with the raw sample. The results showed that the new way of synthsis could improve product yield from 61% to 68% and simplify the synthesis process; The purity of the final product purified by silica gel was 90.12%, and the purity of the final product purified by HPLC was 98.66%, both of them could get the better purity of geraniol glycoside. It provides a reference for the synthesis and purification of geraniol glycosidase.

Abstract:According to the recovery rate of procyanidins, the purification process of procyanidins from red grape seeds by chitosan flocculation was optimized by orthogonal test．After procyanidins in the ethanol aqueous extract solution of red grape seeds was separated into two phases by salts, the partition characteristics of it in two phases were studied. Chitosan flocculation was investigated, and the results were as follows. The optimum flocculation was obtained using 2 mL of chitosan with 20 mL ethanol solution of procyanidins at 35 ℃ and pH 4. The recovery rate of procyanidins reached to 95.62%. Then, the salts inducing aqueous two-phase extraction systems were used to further investigate extraction of procyanidins from the pretreated ethanol solution. The results showed that K₂HPO₄ could be used as a good inducer in ethanol aqueous solution. during the inducing separation phase. When 0.5 g K₂HPO₄ was added into ethanol solution of procyanidins (volume 2 mL), the partition coefficient and recovery of procyanidins reached to 1.97 and 87.2% respectively.

Abstract:The resource of freshwater snail is very rich in China, but its processed products are not very much. Using salt soluble protein as a natural food additive in meat products can improve its quality. Extraction conditions were optimized using salt soluble protein yield, and determined the main processing properties such as emulsification capability, foaming capability and water-holding capability. The Results showed that freshwater snail salt soluble protein yield can reach 13.6％ when NaCl concentration was 0.7 mol/L, pH 8.0, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio of 16 for 24 hours. The best emulsification ability and emulsification stability index were 27.67 m²/g and 0.62 respectively, slightly lower than gluten. The best foaming ability and foam stability were 68% and 42% respectively in alkaline conditions, better than gluten, Water-holding capability was 78.25%. Freshwater snail salt soluble proteins can improve the quality of mincemeat products. It’s a good functional protein resource.

Abstract:Objective The surfactant polyglycerol fatty acid ester (PGFE) was used for surface modification of biaxially oriented polypropylene film (BOPP) to perfect antifogging performance. Methods Used PGFE as an antifogging agent to prepared PGFE/BOPP antifogging film using a coating method. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of PGFE on the antifogging performance, mechanical, optical, air and moisture permeability of BOPP film. Results Different levels of PGFE were coated on the film increased its tensile strength and haze, but reduced its light transmittance, oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability. The results showed that the PGFE/BOPP film has a perfect potential for application as an antifogging packaging film, which depicts along lasting antifogging performance, high-quality mechanical stability when the content of PGFE is 2%.

Abstract:Multi-stage cyclone grinding can be used to change the physical structure of corn straw, which can be degraded easier by enzymes to release feruloylated saccharides. By the same enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of feruloylated saccharides released from multi-stage cyclone grinding corn straw increased by 3.34 fold than that without pretreatment. Commercial complex enzymes, such as Validase TRL, HSP 6000 BG, Rapidase Smart Clear, xylosidase and arabinfuranosidease were used to hydrolyze multi-stage cyclone grinding corn straw, and it showed that Validase TRL had the best effect, and the yield of feruloylated saccharides was 1.46 μmol/g, increased by 3.48 fold than that without hydrolysis. The best combination of synergy enzymatic hydrolysis was Validase TRL 100 U/g, xylosidase 50 U/g and arabinfuranosidease 50 U/g, and the highest yield of feruloylated saccharides was 2.87 μmol/g. After the hydrolysater was pured by macroreticular resin, the recovery of feruloylated saccharides reached 81.44%.

Abstract:An efficient microwave assisted extraction procedure for the lignans from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora was investigated and optimized. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level four-factor Box Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions. The best extraction conditions were as follows: microwave time 5 min, ratio of material to ethanol 126 (g/mL), ethanol concentration 80%, microwave temperature 60 ℃. Under the optimization conditions, the experimental yield of lignans was 42.69%, which was well matched with the predictive yield of 42.95%.

Abstract:The corn starch was used to determine the optimum technological conditions of corn resistant starch by microwave-enzymatic method. The optimal conditions were got by orthogonal experiment analyses, and we found the content of resistant starch was highest and reached to 28.4%, when treated under the following conditions, i.e. 25% of Starch slurry mass fraction , 800 W of microwave power, 240 s of microwave heating time, and cooling storage for 20 h at 4 ℃. Our study might provide a new clue for the preparation of resistant starch and make benefit for the application for starch industry in the future.

Abstract:Oxidative stress has very close relationship with human health, and human organsviolated by oxidative stress is likely to cause a series of physical diseases，such as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, cancer and neurodegenerative problem. However the flavonoids which widely exist in fruits, vegetables and other plant foods have a very significant role in the fight against oxidative stress, this is largely because it can activate the Nrf2-ARE which is the critical defense signaling pathway and regulating many antioxidant gene expression. In this paper, introduced the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, the related signaling pathways of regulating Nrf2-ARE activation, the downstream genes regulated by Nrf2-ARE, and the influence of the Nrf2-ARE applied to inflammatory and apoptosis reaction. Meanwhile reviewed the research progress of eight kinds of flavonoids on the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and put forward the main scientific problems and solution strategy of the present study to provide reference for study of flavonoids in the field of prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Abstract:Refrigerated display cabinets as the terminal device of the food cold chain logistics play an important role in ensuring the food quality and safety. In this paper a brief overview of recent progress is presented in the open food refrigerated display cabinets from the aspect of air curtain performance, the environment temperature and humidity, the structure optimization of the cabinet body, the problems of evaporator frosting and defrosting, the system energy saving and the application of phase change materials for cool storage, et al. Analyzes the related factors on velocity field and temperature field distribution of food refrigerated display cabinets, and proposes the improvement methods, and from the view of energy conservation, expounds the current research focus and the future development direction of the refrigerated display cabinets. Some existing problems are proposed in the research of refrigerated display cabinets, which can provide reference for further research.

Abstract:For its rich nutrients vitamins and minerals, fresh vegetables have become one of the most important indispensable ingredients of daily life. Based on different cleaning and packaging methods, physical cleaning, chemical cleaning, film packaging, coating packaging, modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging of fresh vegetables were introduced. The research direction of vegetables processing after harvest was forecasted, and mixing cleaning and comprehensive atmosphere package were proposed as the future research focuses.

Abstract:Aerobic solid-state fermentation, with a long history, has played a pivotal role in human society. In this paper the development history, the advantages and the application fields of aerobic solid-state fermentation were introduced. Moreover, the recent research achievements of solid state fermentation bio-reactor and other auxiliary technologies were summarized. In end of the paper, the future development of of aerobic solid-state was also prospected.

Abstract:At the Fifth National S&T and Public Policy Forum-Food Safety Risk Management and Public Policy, particlpating experts based on their professional background, reference the methods and tools of philosophy, law, management, sociology and so on, food safety and science and technology, food safety and philosophical reflection, food safety and policy response, food safety and social participation and other issues were discussed in depth. The conference reflects the latest thinking and research on the subject of domestic food safety strategy and scientific and technological innovation mechanism with Chinese characteristics, criticized “the only government theory”, “the only technical theory”, “the only industry theory” and other views, forming a number of valuable policy recommendations such as “co-governance theory”.