Abstract:In order to obtain a higher content of soybean isoflavone glycosides and improve the flavor of soybean milk, two kinds of glycosidase (R.B1L and R.CL) were used in soybean milk processing, then the soybean isoflavones and lavor compounds were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique(GC/MS) respectively. The results showed that the amount of soybean isoflavone aglycones increased 7.289 μg/g, which was 35.7% higher than the control group. While, the bean flavor compounds of hexanal and 2-amyl furan decreased 10.8%, and the aroma compounds of hexyl alcohol and anti-2-nonene aldehyde increased 10.88%. It indicates that the glycosidase can provide a good method for improving the quality and flavor of soybean milk.

Abstract:This study investigated the inhibitory effects of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and feruloylated oligosaccharides on catalytic activities of tyrosinase by analysising tyrosinase steady state activity and enzyme kinetics. The results showed that the three compounds were found to efficiently inhibit tyrosinase monophenolase activities. The p-Coumaric acid was the strongest inhibitor followed by feruloylated oligosaccharides and ferulic acid, with the IC₅₀ value of 0.75, 3.20, 9.30 mmol/L respectively. Moreover, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were found to inhibit the activities of diphenolase with IC₅₀ value of 4.3, 12.7 mmol/L respectively; however, feruloylated oligosaccharides showed no inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity. p-Coumaric acid increased the lag time of monophenolase activity, but ferulic acid showed little effect; while feruloylated oligosaccharides reduced the lag time of monophenolase activity. Enzyme kinetics analysis indicated that p-coumaric acid is a competitive inhibitor of the monophenolase, while ferulic acid and feruloylated oligosaccharides showed a mixed inhibitory effect.

Abstract:The half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of alpha glucosidase inhibitors was detected based on a microplate assay method in this study in order to find the effective inhibitors for preparing hypoglycemic functional food. The reaction conditions were optimized by the four aspects, i.e., the enzyme concentration, the detection wavelength, the substrate concentration and the reaction time. The results showed that the optimum enzyme concentration ranged from 2.0 mg/mL to 3.0 mg/mL, and waves 520 nm and 492 nm were optimum among the five waves, 405, 450, 492, 520, 630 nm. Moreover, the suitable substrate concentration of sucrose ranged from 20 mmol/L to 40 mmol/L, and the appropriate reaction time was about 20~30 min.

Abstract:In order to obtain microbial strain suitable for the tenderization of beef, a total of 22 bacteria of producing proteinase were isolated from traditional lobster sauce and wine song in Guizhou. With the screening by using microscopy, analyses of enzyme activities, and TPA value of beef with in treatment of fermented broth, a bacteria defined as D7 was found the optimal strain, and its enzyme activity was 71.68 U/g. The molecular biological identification results showed that it was very similar to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (JN700123.1), and the similarity was 99%, on the basis of molecular biology identification, using 16S rDNA sequences identification and phylogenetic analyses. Thus this strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

Abstract:81 Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Guangdong Provincial Institute of Food Inspection were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The DNA was isolated and the sequences of 16S rRNA gene were amplified by PCR with the bacterium universal primers, and then the PCR products were sequenced after 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the corrected sequences were aligned with Clustal X and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA5.1. Consequently, the identified results of the 81 strains confirmed their original identification before. On the phylogenetic tree, No. 24-3-QY strain formed a separate branch with No. 100-5-JM strain and No. 106-3-JM strain. No.2 8-1-DW formed one branch and the other 77 strains formed a separate branch with P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. This was the first research about waterborne P. aeruginosa in Guangdong Province when China began to implement GB 19298—2014 “National food safety standards of packaged drinking water” since May 24, 2015. The waterborne P. aeruginosa culture collection in Guangdong was preliminarily established basing on these strains. These data will provide a powerful tool for effectively tracing source of P. aeruginosa and controlling the water contamination in future.

Abstract:Gastrodia elata Bl. extracts was added into the system of Grifola frondosa submerged fermentation, and then supplement-ation of Gastrodia elata Bl. extracts were optimized according to the biomass and the synthetic quality of extracellular proteins in G. frondosa. The changes of components in G. elata Bl. extracts before and after the sterilization, including gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and parishin, were analyzed using HPLC. Moreover, the relationship of this changes between G. elata Bl. extracts and the in G. frondosa fermentation system were also investigated. The results revealed that 7% (v/v) G. elata Bl. extracts could facilitate G. frondosa to grow and produce extracellular proteins, and the content of two experimental indexes reached the maximum 11 days after the submerged fermentation of G. frondosa. It was found that the content of parishin in the extracts from G. elata Bl. decreased after sterilization, while the content of gastrodin increased obviously. Furthermore, the extracts from G. elata Bl. were added into the system of G. frondosa submerged fermentation and then they were incubated for 14 days. Finally, the contents of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde decreased, nevertheless parishin increased by 161.11%.

Abstract:In order to identify raw milk, nonlinear chemical fingerprint of raw milk from different areas and that mixed with different content of soybean milk or rice water was established based on the steady system of “sodium bromate + manganese sulfate + Sulfate + acetone” by using nonlinear fingerprint technique . The raw milk samples that incorporated with soybean milk or rice water could be identified, and the adulterant could be judged by the characteristic information of their nonlinear chemical fingerprint. According to the relationship of parameter information and adulterant content, the relative global content of soybean milk or rice water could be measured. This may provide a new method for identification of raw milk mixed with soybean milk or rice water and evaluation of the adulterant relative content.

Abstract:A method for determination of vanillin and ethyl-vanillin in milk powder was established by auto headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC—MS), and the influence factor were also studied, such as solid phase micro-extraction head, time and temperature of adsorption and desorption. As a result, the limits of determination (LOD) of vanillin and ethyl-vanillin were 0.5 mg/kg. The spiked recovery was between 90.0% and 100%, and the RSD ranged from 1.9%～4.1%(n＝6). This method could eliminate the interference of complicated matrix, conveniently, quickly and exactly, which was applicable for quick determination of vanillin and ethyl-vanillin content in milk powder.

Abstract:A new method of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for detecting five kinds of clove phenol anesthetic in aquatic product. Using eugenol as template molecule, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross linking agent, molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized by bulk polymerization and made into extraction column. Through the response surface analysis template molecule and functional monomer, crosslinking agent the best proportion was 14. 5523. 21, and the recovery rate of these compounds reached 90% by using methanol as solvent and acetic acid solution as eluent. The results showed that linear response data were obtained in the concentration range of 0.05～10 μg/mL for the five kinds of clove phenol anesthetic with correlation coefficients from 0.999 83 to 0.999 97, and the limits of quantitative were 0.05 mg/kg. The method of sample recovery rate was 82.04%～99.29% with the relative standard deviations ranging from 0.06%～3.96%. The new established method was found simple and fast，accurate and feasible, and this could be successfully applied for the determination of five kinds of clove phenol anesthetic in aquatic product and their residue with low solvent consumption.

Abstract:On the basis of inhibition of chemiluminescence reaction of luminol and potassium permanganate in sodium hydroxide medium by 3-nitropropionic acid, a novel flow-injection chemiluminescence method for determination of 3-nitropropionic acid in drinking water was developed. A linear range for 3-nitropropionic acid determination was 1～150 mg/L. The detection limit of 3-nitropropionic acid was 0.28 mg/L and relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.9%, with the recovery of 76.5%～93.8%. This online determination system showed a good accuracy and selectivity and has great potential application in rapid detection and alarm of emergency pollution of 3-nitropropionic acid in drinking water.

Abstract:In order to solve the problems of the material of mixed unevenness, low dissolved efficiency, uncontrollable reaction temperature and aroma loss in the conventional mixing reaction tank, a kind of mixing reaction equipment was designed and developed for high viscosity non-Newtonian fluidossein. The mixing reaction equipment consisted of tanks, feeding apparatus, and devices of vertical composite stirring, bottom emulsification stirring and the reaction volatiles collected reflux. This equipment was well suited for high viscosity non-Newtonian fluid to blend, mix and react, and able to achieve multifunctional operation with energy saving. Moreover, it helped to increase the degree of controllability of reactions and reduce labor intensity and the investment costs. Additionally, the modulating and recycling of the volatile flavor compounds was also achieved.

Abstract:It’s difficult to distinguish between apple damage and fruit axis and calyx in image processing. This results in poor efficiency and accuracy. An apple orientation mechanism is designed, and realized orientation of apple before image acquisition, thereby reducing image processing time. It mainly includes fruit pan, synchronous wheel, fixed caster and drive shaft. ADAMS was used to simulate the orientation process of apple, which verified the feasibility of the mechanism, and sure that the apple will not scratched in the orientation process. In order to improve the efficiency of apple sorting system, the optimal scheme was obtained by simulating the mechanism with different structure parameters.According to the simulation results of the optimal scheme, the beat of the system was 1.5 s.

Abstract:A fruit grain beverage liquid mixing tank was designed in this study, including the structure of the cylinder block and the mixing paddle, and related parameters were provided. The numerical simulation was carried out by orthogonal test and FLUENT,to determine the influence degree of the factors, such as the installation height of the agitator, the diameter of the impeller and the rotation speed of the propeller, and the parameters of the stirred tank, were optimized to obtain the optimal parameter solution. Results: The main order of the factors that influenced the stability of the agitator concentration was as follows: the diameter of the paddle, the stirring speed, the height of the lower paddle. The results in the present study could provide contribution to the follow-up design of fruit juice beverage filling machine.

Abstract:A test sheller for rubber fruit was designed and manufactured according to the principle of extrusion-grind, and it consisted of units of driving and extrusion-grind, the lectrical elements for realizing automatic clockwise and anti-clockwise running of motors, and the frame, etc. Adopting the principle of reciprocating friction and extrusion, the fruit shells were separated under the dual of friction and extrusion pressure. Our results showed that the device could perform well and was, easy to operate, especially, the hulling rate could reach 78.3% by using it. Thus this sheller could be utilized in researches on effects and the mechanism of rubber fruit shelling. The device provides the technological base for the research of high efficiency and low damage rubber fruit sheller.

Abstract:Magnetic fluid has been widely used in sealing gas, but sealing liquids with magnetic fluid is still in the research stage. In this paper, the effect of velocity difference on failure pressure was theoretically deduced. The magnetic fluid seal structure was designed and an experiment its rig was set up, and then the seal performances of sealing gas and liquids with magnetic fluid were studied. The results showed that the failure pressures of sealing liquids and gas statically under the same sealing gap were almost the same, and the failure pressure was generally not affected by the speed of the rotating shaft when sealing gas with Magnetic fluid. The failure pressure decreases significantly when the rotating shaft overspeeded the critical value, under the condition of Magnetic fluid as sealing liquids.

Abstract:The working performance of plate freezer with two-phase ejector in different condensing temperature was investigated in this study. Moreover, the effects of condensing temperature on freezing rate and total energy consumption of plate freezer was also studied. Then the entrainment coefficient in stable conditions and explores the effects on Jet pumps were analyzed by changing the condensing temperature. The results showed that when the condensing temperature was 25 ℃, the ejecting coefficient was the highest about 1.58. Compared with 40 ℃and 30 ℃, the energy consumption was lowered by about 3.3% and 10% at 25 ℃, and the freezing time was shorten by about 12.5% and 17.5%，respectively.

Abstract:To solve the problem of traditional electromagnetic quantitative feeding system in the process of the open loop control the feeding speed setting arbitrary large, not according to the intelligent control strategy for dynamic adjust the feeding speed, a quantitative electromagnetic vibration feeder was designed based on fuzzy PID control system. Taking the mechanical structure design of the system as a whole, the conduction angle of silicon controlled rectifier was obtained by theoretical analysis and mathematical relationship between amplitude, and according to this, the simplified mathematical model of electromagnetic vibration feeder second order was established. The simulation results show that the system has good dynamic, high control precision, high response speed and higher robustness, and also has good application prospect.

Abstract:Tea frying temperature has a great influence on the quality of tea.To cope with the disadvantages of the existing tea-leaf parcher temperature control system with temperature control of low precision and the longtime adjusting, the tea-leaf parcher with intelligent temperature control system we designed， which is suitable for frying high-end quality famous tea. System used AT89S52 single chip as the core, the platinum thermal thermistor as the temperature sensor and linearized the output signal of unbalanced bridge by means of current transmitter XTR106 and designed a kind of fuzzy expert controller combine with the fuzzy control theory and expert system. The designed temperature control system has been tested and the result shows that the system which has better static and dynamic performances, whose static error of measuring temperature is less than ±1 ℃, whose overshoot is less than 2.36%, and whose transition time is less than 27 s in the range of 0～300 ℃ can meet the requirements of temperature control to fry high-end quality famous tea.

Abstract:VERICUT is one kind of 3D software, which can not only carry on the virtual machining, but also optimize the cutting tool. The VERICUT processing simulation and tool path were optimized for trademark logo mold parts with inspection procedure process, and may produce collision and cut, improve tool route, reduce unneces-sary tool time. The processing simulation and the optimization of the process were showed in VERICUT environment.

Abstract:It was well known that standard cramp frame can only clamp a group of workpieces, without the ability to catch many groups of workpieces with related position constraint. To solve this problem, a design solution based on TRIZ theory as well as an inventive principle were proposed in this study. A bidirectural cramp frame with hyperbolic structure was designed, and it could clamp workpieces on both sides. Therefore, the application range and fields of this new kind cramp frame were expanded. Moreover, the bidirectural cramp frame was also analyzed and optimized using the finite element method. Finally, simulation results showed that both the bearing capacity of the bidirectural cramp frame and its stress distribution were improved.

Abstract:Cogging torque ripple is the main impact factor of the output torque ripple of electric vehicles driven by wheel hub motors. To suppressing cogging torque ripple, a DC external rotor motor was studied, and a finite element analysis model was established in Ansoft Maxwell according to its structural parameters. The simulation results of cogging torque agreed well with those obtained from experiments, and this showed the analysis model was correct. Then, the main parameters of the hub motor were optimized by using Taguchi method, in which the peak values of cogging torque and average values of output torque were taken as the optimization goals, the slot width, pole arc coefficient, air gap length and parallel tooth width as the control factors, the processing errors of notch width, air gap length and parallel tooth width, and residual magnetism variation as noise factors. The performances of the motor were simulated in the finite element analysis model with optimal structural parameters. The results showed that the cogging torque of the motor was reduced significantly, and the average values of output torque were increased slightly at the same time.

Abstract:To investigate the optimal preserving green measures for export komatsuna during processing, frozen storage and transportation, the ‘Sally’ komatsuna was blanched by the blanching complex solution before quick-freezing process. The preserving green effects of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride concentrations in the blanching complex solution, blanching temperature and time were determined as a single factor during frozen pack storage, respectively. Moreover, blanching conditions were also optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the best preserving-green technology for the export ‘Sally’ komatsuna in processing and frozen storage was blanching them with 0.10% sodium bicarbonate and 0.10% sodium chloride concentrations at 90 ℃ for 1.2 min, and then soaking them in 0.20% calcium chloride solution at room temperature for 30 min before quick frozen and frozen pack storage.

Abstract:With a low-power microwave treatment on Huangguan pear fruits, different levels of low-power microwave treatment on fruit storage quality and the influence of the core browning were studied. Through the determinations of total phenols, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), DPPH in Huangguan pear core and ethylene, respiration intensity, hardness in storage period, the optimal treating conditions were gotten. Under the condition of 0～2 ℃ refrigerating, compared with the control group, the low energy microwave treatment group could keep the fruits of high hardness, delay the reduce of soluble solids, reduce the respiration intensity of fruit, and delay the ethylene peak appearing. Meanwhile, the group with 32.5 W/5 min low-power microwave treatment had the characteristics of high clearance rate of DPPH free radical in the core, lower core browning, inhibiting on malondialdehyde content accumulation, lowering the activity of polyphenol oxidase and total phenol content change obviously. Under the condition of 2～0 ℃, 32.5 W/5 min low energy microwave treatment, the pear has better quality and lower browning.

Abstract:In order to regulate the technical conditions of irradiation sterilization for semi-finished Micropterus salmoides (SFMS), we investigated the impacts of irradiation on the microbe quantity, pH value, water holding capacity, color value and volatile components of it in this study, by using different doses ranging from 0.00 to 8.74 kGy of ⁶⁰Co gamma ray irradiation. The results showed that, with the irradiation of 3.25 kGy, the total bacteria decreased to 10 CFU/g. Moreover, the total bacteria decreased to 250 CFU/g and 10 CFU/g, at the D₁₀ value of 1.54 kGy and 3.64 kGy, respectively. At the range of 1.55~4.78 kGy, pH value could be controlled in a reasonable standard. Increasing irradiation dosage (1.55~7.57 kGy) did not change the production of water holding capacity, color, or Warner-Bratzler shear force. A dose of 3.25 kGy was beneficial to semi-finished products of SFMS to reduce the volatile components of benzene and alkanes. In conclusion, the ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation dose in 3.25~4.78 kGy could release the sterilization purpose. Therefore, our studies provided theoretical guidance for the irradiation sterilization of SFMS.

Abstract:Essential oil was extracted from Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance using steam distillation method. The extraction conditions of essential oil were optimized by orthogonal experimental design, and its preservation on longan was studied. The results showed that the optimum extraction technology were: the concentration of sodium chloride 4%, the distilling time was 6 h, and the solid-liquid ratio of 110 (g/mL). Under the condition, the extraction rate of essential oil reached 0.167 2%. The preservation results indicated: the antibacterial effects of 4 treatments, the content of Vitamin C and soluble solid decreased gradually, and weight loss and corruption rate of longan increased with the extension of the time. Its ability of antibacterial effects and preservation were followed: 0.5% essential oil ＞ the mixture of potassium sorbate and essential oil ＞0.05% potassium sorbate ＞75% ethanol. It has better preservation effect on longan of essential oil than potassium sorbate.

Abstract:Puffy fruit and soluble solid content (SSC) are important indexes for evaluating the quality of citrus. The feasibility was discussed for detecting Puffing disease and SSC of intact citrus simultaneously by online visible-near infrared (visible-NIR) transmittance spectroscopy. The spectra were recorded with the integration time of 100 ms in the wavelength range of 350~1 150 nm when the samples were conveyed at the speed of five samples per second. The feasibility of simultaneous and online detection of puffiness fruit and SSC for intact citrus simultaneously was discussed by visible-near infrared transmittance spectroscopy. The response properties of visible-NIR spectra for normal fruit, mild and severe puffiness fruit were analyzed. Then least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and discrimination partial least square (DPLS) were developed for discrimination of puffiness fruit and health citrus. At the same time, the optimal soluble solids content model of citrus was conducted by partial least squares regression methods. Other 35 samples without developing calibration models were applied to evaluate precision of online sorting. The classification rate was 100% for identifying puffiness fruit, and the accuracy of sorting SSC for health pears was 97%. The results showed that simultaneous detection of puffiness and SSC were feasible by visible-NIR transmittance spectroscopy.

Abstract:In order to detect the external quality of potato quickly, the hyperspectral imaging technology was used. Potato with germination and other three kinds of common defects were studied. The partial least-squares discriminant model were built after different pretreatment methods for spectral data processing. The results showed that pretreatment method of SNV was the best. 13 and 9 feature bands were selected after using successive projections algorithm (SPA) and weighted weight method (WWM) for spectral data preprocessed. The support vector machine (SVM) discriminant model were established for both SPA and WWM. Our results also showed that the two methods to predict the set of discriminant accuracy reached 100%. WWM-SVM discriminant model of calibration set of cross validation rate was 99.5%, higher than that of the SPA-SVM discriminant model. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging technology combined with WWM-SVM and SPA-SVM for potato external quality grading.

Abstract:In order to investigate the beef quality changes under handling cattle in different platform slope, Twenty simon tal beef cattle were randomly divided into 4 groups, the cow is respectively loading and unloading through (30,40,50 °) slope, then cattle are slaughtered. The pH value, flesh-colored, drip loss percentage, cooking loss percentage and shear force of postmortem beef were measured respectively. Results showed, with the increase of loading platform slope, pH values, L^* value and a^* value of postmortem beef significantly decreased (P<0.05), while shear force, b^* value, drip loss and cooking loss of postmortem beef significantly increased (P<0.05). This study indicated that beef quality was better through handling cattle in 30 degrees platform slope, and it should be reduced platform slope in cattle actual production thereby improve beef quality.

Abstract:In this study, solar powered adsorption refrigeration system was investigated to study its application in storage at low temperature, and the thermal performance of the system has been tested and analyzed. The results showed that at the high temperature in summer season, when the solar refrigeration system was cooled at 12:00~13:00, the solar thermal collector surface radiation intensity is about 3.0 MJ/(m²·d), and the refrigeration power system is about 3.9 kW distribution according to time. Moreover, the it was found that cooling power and low temperature storage required cooling capacity in general. Under the condition of solar radiation in 16～20 MJ/(m²·d), the solar adsorption refrigeration system can run smoothly, daily running about 7～9 h. The average daily cooling power of the system was about 3.0～4.5 kW, and the solar refrigeration coefficient COP was about 0.095～0.130. Additionally, it was also found that properly increasing the capacity of the hot water tank and the area of the collector,could extend the running time of the refrigeration system.

Abstract:The objectives of this study were to evaluate total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of different extraction from three kinds of highland barley. The results showed that 95% ethanol and 60%acetone were better to extract phenolic compounds than other solvents. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities of Zangqing 2000 using different solvents were higher than that of Xunhua and Shangri-la highland barley. Meanwhile, the highest total phenolic content of Zangqing 2000 was 211.92 mg GAE/100 g DW in 60% acetone, the highest total flavonoid content of Zangqing 2000 was 60.11 mg RT/100 g DW in 60% ethanol, the highest ABTS scavenging ability and total antioxidant activity of Zangqing 2000 were 1.85 and 9.28 mmol TEAC/100 g DW, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant methods. FRAP method was significantly correlated to DPPH and ABTS methods. These results suggested that highland barley was rich in phenolic content and considered as a good natural antioxidant resource.

Abstract:The preparation of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides was gotten, which was derived from ginkgo biloba by enzymatic hydrolysis with papain. A factorial design experiment was conducted, while, the effects of concentration of substrate, pH, E/S ratio, extraction temperature and time were studied. And then, it was fractioned by using membrane ultrafiltration with molecular weight cutoffs of 100, 50, 30, 10 and 3 kDa. The results showed: with the concentration of substrate 1.5%, pH 7.36, E/S ratio of 5 g/100 g, temperature of 57.9 ℃ and extraction time of 4.4 h, the inhibitory activities ofα-glucosidase was the highest, and reached 17.18%. The inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase, peptide fraction <3 kDa, exhibited the highest and reached 50.43%. Therefore, the ginkgo protein hydrolysate or its active peptides can be used in foods against hypertension and related diseases.

Abstract:Objective: The effects of hemp seed and algae oils preparation on blood lipid-lowering and antioxidant activity of mixed hyperlipidemia rats were investigated in this study. 50 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group, model control group, hemp seed oil and algal oil preparation low dose group (170 mg/kg), medium dose group (340 mg/kg) and high dose group (510 mg/kg). Then their weights of , testis fat pad and perirenal fat pad, fat body ratio, and the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured after feeding high fat diet and corresponding drugs. The results indicated that the weights of gain, and testis and perirenal fat pads, fat body ratio, TG, TC and MDA of model control group rats increased significantly, however, the activities of GSH, GSH-Px and SOD, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reduced significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), compared to the blank group. Moreover, in the high dose and low dose group of hemp seed oil and algae oil preparation, rats weight, weights of testis and perirenal fat pads, body fat ratio decreased significantly, and the content of MDA decreased significantly, while the activities of SOD, GSH and GSH PX significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.05), compared to the model control group. In conclusion, our results confirmed that the hemp seed and algae oils preparation could regulate blood lipid and possessed strong antioxidant activities.

Abstract:The polysaccharide from Lingwu Jujube was extracted using enzyme-microwave method. Moreover, the influence factors of polysaccharide extraction were studied, i.e. the enzyme concentr-ation, the hydrolysis time, the material ratio, the microwave power, and the treatment time, and then the optimum extraction condition were finally determined through orthogonal test. The results showed that the jujube polysaccharide could be extracted with high efficiency by combining the utilization of 1.5% trypsin (pH 8.0, hydrolyzing for 2.0 h) with the microwave (under the medium fire for 5 min), controlling the material ratio at 120 (mass ratio).

Abstract:Based on the raw materials of mussel meat after taking out the pearl, ultra high pressure is used to extract mussel polysaccharide. The response surface experimental design was used to get the training samples for the neutral network, while the sophisticated neutral network was used for training and stimulating, analyzing extraction factors (pressure strength, solid- liquid ratio and pressure holding time), the interaction between the factors that affected the extraction rate of mussel polysaccharide, and optimizing the ultra high pressure extraction process of mussel polysaccharide. The results showed that artificial neutral network optimization was more accurate than response surface method optimization, and the reliability of predictive value was greater. The optimum conditions for ultra high pressure extraction of mussel polysaccharide were: the pressure strength 340 MPa, the solid-liquid ratio 421 (mL/g), the pressure holding time 10 min, under this condition, the predicted extraction rate of polysaccharide was 7.18%, while the measured value was 7.12%, with the relative error 0.84%. The process has the advantages of short time, high efficiency, environmental protection etc., and provides technical basis for the development and utilization of mussel polysaccharide.

Abstract:To make full use of Idesia polycarpa resource, the optimum conditions of extracting oil in I. Polycarpa by supercritical CO₂ were studied by single factor and Box- Behnken designs, and the fatty acid composition of this oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the yield of the oil in I. polycarpa extracted by supercritical CO₂ was (38.25±0.41)%, when extracted at 24 MPa and 53 ℃ for 147 min. Moreover, the regression model between yield and influence factors was very significant (P=0.000 9). In addition, the results of GC-MS showed that the total content of unsaturated fatty acid in the oil was 81.33%, and that of linoleic acid was 71.43%. In conclusion, the oil extracted from I. polycarpa is an edible oil resource with high quality, and could be efficiently extracted by using supercritical CO₂.

Abstract:The volatile oil from the Allium mongolicum Regel flowers by supercritical-CO₂ fluid extraction(SFE) was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM)，and the volatile oil was identified by GC—MS. The effects of the extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time on the yield of volatile oil were investigated by a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken central composite design with the extraction rate as the response value. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the extraction of Allium mongolicum Regel flower oil were as follows: extracting temperature 39 ℃, pressure 29 MPa, time 1.2 h, CO₂ flux 20 L/ h. Under such condition, the model-predicted and experimental values of oil yield were 19.36% and 18.90%. The 29 chemical components were separated by GC—MS, which were 96.67% of the total oil, and 27 compounds of them were also identified, including 8 aldehydes(37.63%), aromatic hydrocarbon compounds(30.52%) and Gingerol (12.60%).

Abstract:The total content of polyphenols in polygonum captitatum was determined by Folin-Cioculteu colorimetry. 10 types of macroporous resins were tested by static adsorption and desorption experiments for purifying polyphenols in polygogum captitatum and purifying conditions by the best resin were investigated. The results showed that HPD-722 was the best resin. Purifying conditions were as follows: concentration of adcorption sample 2.0～4.5 mg/mL, 2 BV/h adsoption velocity, 7.5 BV 50% ethanol solution as eluent, the content of the total polyphenol sample was up to 59.02%.

Abstract:The internal boiling method was adopted to extract polysaccharides from honeysuckle. The effects of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time, and water-solid ratio on the extraction rate of polysaccharides were discussed. The results showed that the extraction rate of polysaccharide reached 12.89%, when the ethanol concentration (v/v) was 20%, with water-soild ratio was 301 (mL/g), at 95 ℃ for 5 min.

Abstract:In order to improve comprehensive utilization value of Fructus aurantii immaturus, based on existing extraction process of Fructus aurantii Immaturus, cogeneration technology of hesperidin and synephrine in Fructus aurantii Immaturus was presented. HPLC method for determination of hesperidin and synephrine were used, Fructus aurantii Immaturus was crushed and extracted by pH 0.3 Hydrochloric acid solution, the filtrate use Dowex 50(H+) strong acid cation to exchange, through vacuum concentration to get synephrine; while using alkali extracting the residue, after acid precipitation and vacuum drying process to obtain hesperidin, the cogeneration technical parameters were optimized, and 16 repeated trials were condcted. With cogeneration technology optimized, the purity of hesperidin was 95.0%~98.0%, and extraction rate was 24.0%~28.0%; purity of synephrine was more than 20.0%, and extraction rate of synephrine was above 3‰. Compared with traditional process, the production quality was improved, and the yields was increased.

Abstract:Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-S2 which has the ability to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid, was used as starting strain to develop Direct vat set(DVS). Then the centrifugation process and freeze-drying process were optimized. By orthogonal experiment the optimal conditions of centrifugation were identified as: centrifugal temperature 4 ℃, Time-consuming 30 minutes, centrifugal force 6 000 r/min. In this condition, the centrifugal recovery rate of Lactobacillus Lp-S2 is 83.8%. The cryoprotectant was optimized by single factor and orthogonal test. The best combination of cryoprotectants was 15% trehalose, 15% glucose and 10% skim milk powder. The survival rate of L. plantarum Lp-S2 Direct Vat Set reached 39.2%. The optimum pre-cooling time was 6 h. The number of viable cells of the direct-acting starter was 1.5×10¹² CFU/mL.

Abstract:A vinegar beverage combined with purple sweet potato and bitter buckwheat was developed, and the flavor compounds in it were analyzed. Purple sweet potato and buckwheat were processed through smashing, size mixing, saccharification, alcoholic fermentation and acetic fermentation to produce brew purple sweet potato and buckwheat vinegar, respectively.. The optimum formula of the vinegar beverage was obtained through single factor and orthogonal experiments. The 100 mL optimum complex contained 4 mL purple potato vinegar stock solution, 4 mL buckwheat vinegar stock solution,4 g saccharose, and 4 g fructose-glucose syrup. The vinegar beverage prepared under this condition had a unique purple potato and buckwheat vinegar flavor which was red bright, sweet and sour. Seven organic acid including acetic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, etc. and 14 kinds of flavor substances such as benzene alcohol, benzene formaldehyde, acetic acid benzyl ester, etc. were detected, by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer in this vinegar beverage.

Abstract:Corn steep liquor was used as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for recombinant E. coli culture medium. Based on the single factor optimization, three factors of corn steep liquor, MgSO₄ and trace elements were chosen to design the response surface of corn steep liquor medium components. With Box-Behnhen experimental design and response surface analysis, the optimum components of corn steep liquor medium were determined. The results showed that the optimum medium components were 26 g/L for corn steep liquor, 2.1 g/L for MgSO₄ and 7 mL/L for trace elements. Under these conditions, the activity of trehalose synthase produced by recombinant E. coli reached 120.5 U / mL. The experiment proved that this medium is feasible, in which corn steep liquor was the sole carbon and nitrogen source of trehalose synthase.

Abstract:Litsea cubeba oil microcapsule were prepared by spray drying method. The effect of several shell materials on emulsion stability and surface morphology of microcapsule was investigated, and process conditions of Litsea cubeba oil microcapsule were optimized. The results of scanning electronic microscope (SEM) showed that Litsea cubeba oil microcapsule prepared with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/ arabic gum(HP-β-CD/AG) as wall material is similar to smooth spheres with uniform size and good fluidity, and dents, wrinkles and aggregation for microcapsules prepared with other wall materials were observed. The embedding rate of Litsea cubeba oil in microcapsule was 83.80% under optimum conditions of W_HP-β-CD/AG:W_LCO 6, feed flow rate inlet 3.10 mL/min at air temperature at 171.0 ℃. The quadratic regression model between embedding rate and three factors was found reasonable and reliable.

Abstract:Slices of tiegun yam were dried at different temperature and thickness without any chemical preservatives added. To dry the slices with constant temperature, optical fiber was used to detect the center temperature of the slices. As the material, fresh tiegun yam was dried by single factor experiment. To evaluate the drying parameters, polysaccharide was extracted by soxhlet extraction and phenol sulfuric acid colorimetry was used to determine polysaccharide e yield of the samples. Besides, weight was online recorded with microwave drying system. Moreover, the sample color was measured with controlling different temperature of material and constant thickness of 5 mm, the highest of the yield of polysaccharide was retained from temperature of material 50 ℃, with the maximum whiteness value, but the drying time was longest. With different thickness of the material when the temperature was 60 ℃, the highest of the yield of polysaccharide was retained from material thickness 5 mm. In general, microwave drying temperature 60 ℃ and the material thickness 5 mm after harvest will retain higher yield polysaccharide higher yield , better color and costs less time.

Abstract:In order to improve the color quality of dried banana slices and obtain the best color protecting method, the effects of five different colors protecting agents, i.e. phytic acid, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride, EDTA and citric acid, on the color quality of dried banana slices evaluating were studied, by detecting the L^* value and browning degree. The results showed that the order of the effects was phytic acid > citric acid > EDTA > sodium chloride > ascorbic acid. Moreover, it was also found that a better color quality of dried banana slices could be obtained through soking the slices in the color fixative compound, containing 0.9% phytic acid and 0.3% citric acid, for 20 min, obtaining a 65.93 L^* value and an 84.4% browning inhibition rate.

Abstract:A method for papermaking reengineering qualitative alcohol sink tobacco leaf tobacco extract purification processing method was proposed in this study. Tobacco extract was precipited by 95% ethanol after pre-concentration treatment, and then it was centrifuged to remove the impurities, and macromolecular substances without favoring the sensory quality, such as protein and pectin. Moreover, the pre-concentration of solid content was also examined, including the alcohol concentration, alcohol sink factors, and sink time extract, influencing of sensory quality. The results showed that the papermaking method reconstruction tobacco leaf tobacco extract pre-concentration to solid content was 20%, 40% to 95% of the pre-concentrate volume concentration of ethanol, after 60 min under 4 000 r/min speed centrifugal 5 min. With the removal of precipitation concentrated of 40% solid content, tobacco concentrate quality, and the sweet temperament and flue gas concentration increased significantly, while the mixed gas and irritating significantly reduced. Thereore, the overall sensory evaluation was improved two points. Compared wit the formal production technology of tobacco extract without alcohol sink, the removal rate of protein and pectin reached 55.18% and 47.95%, respectively.

Abstract:Through the survey of dietary supplement consumption on 123 elderly people in Yuelu District of Changsha City, showed that the aged person holds reasonable attitude to consume dietary supplement. They are seriously taking care about their health conditions; incline to get the dietary supplement from pharmacy or specialty stores. They always take the affectivity to first consideration when they make choose. While the dietary supplement attracts younger consumers with ordinary income. Such consumers mostly have reasonable opinions to choose the products and recognize the risks in them. Analyzed the significant factors influencing the dietary supplement consumption in aged group, and offered the measures and suggestions to prevent the possible safe problems in the consumption.

Abstract:Edible fungi are tasty as well as full of all kinds of biological activity, and the antioxidation is one of the most important activities among them. Polysaccharides, polyphenols, terpenoids,and selenium are the major antioxidants of edible fungi. In this paper, it was reviewed the research advance of antioxidant substances and the antioxidant mechanism of edible fungi, and the future research direction was also summarized, aiming to develop and utilize edible and medicinal values of the polysaccharides in the futher, and improve its application in the fields of food and medicine.

Abstract:Plant polysaccharides are natural biological active substances, and possess a series of biological activities, including anti-tumor, immune regulation, lowering blood fat, lowering blood sugar, anti oxidation, anti-fatigue. The activities of polysaccharides are influenced by their species, parts, extraction methods and other factors. In order to provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of plant polysaccharides, the research status of them and the effects of extraction methods on their biological activities were reviewed in this paper.

Abstract:Summarized the functional properties and application of pueraria in the food industry, and analyzed the exploitation, research and problems of the kudzu as a dry crop resource. It was helpful for high efficiency development and level improvement in technology and industry development of pueraria application.

Abstract:The Near infrared spectroscopy analysis technique, with the characteristics of high efficiency and speediness, non-destructiveness, environmentally friendliness and easiness to operation, has developed fast in the past few years and is widely used in quality identification of agricultural products. In this paper, it was summarized and prospected the application progress in many aspects, such as the detections of physicochemical index of edible oil, chemical changes during frying, adulterated oils, and the kinds of edible oil by using Near Infrared Spectroscopy analysis technique and chemometrics in recent years. This review provided the direction and basis for the further analyses of edible oil and the protection of consumers’ health.

Abstract:“Food Safety Law” has made great progress in health food regulation and promotes the development of the industry, while there still exists some problems. Therefore, it is suggested that we should make a unified materials directory of health food through blending provisions of Ministry of Health and "Food Safety Law". Besides, we should eliminate false propaganda by the way of improving filing review and verification system as well as suck marketing behavior into scope of business license management with severe legal liability. Moreover, we also need to carry out classification management of registration and filing and reaffirms the importance of the enterprise standard with further standardization. Only in this way can we regulate health food effectively and stop regulation of chaos and promote healthy development of health food industry.

Abstract:The frequent occurrence of food safety in modern society is the typical performance of risk society in the field of food. Under the risk society, due to the ongoing and expansion of food safety risk, people's special requirements for food safety, as well as prevention based traditional criminal law regulation is insufficient to ensure the food safety, the measures must be done, for expanding the food safety law adjustment range, paying attention to the restoration norms of criminal law and adhereing to the principle of modesty etc.. All these can contribute to the smooth transition of China's food safety regulation of criminal law in risk society, to achieve the purpose of law to ensure food safety.