Abstract:Selecting the for 15 days, which has the highest otal reducing power, and 60 days of the fermented Rice-Chili, which has the highest ORAC, as samples, The effects were studied, including the fermented Rice-Chili on the free radical DPPH· scavenging activity, oxidation inhibition rate of BSA, erythrocyte hemolysis and liver lipid peroxidation. Results showed that the DPPH· scavenging rate of samples fermented 15 days was better than 60 days and had a better protective effect from protein oxidative damage. However, the sample fermented 60 days had potential to promote the oxidation of BSA. Besides, both samples fermented 15 days and 60 days had a good effect on inhibition of the liver lipid peroxidation and anti-hemolysis, but the sample fermented 15 days was better. Correlation analysis indicated that the total phenols content in sample was associated with the inhibition of liver lipid peroxidation significantly positive correlation (P<0.01) while negatively correlated with inhibition of BSA oxidation and cell hemolysis. All those suggested that, only by chemical antioxidant method to evaluate antioxidant activity was less comprehensive. Therefore, based on studying the chemical antioxidant, combining the effects on erythrocyte hemolysis, protein oxidation and liver lipid peroxidation would be more objective to evaluate food antioxidant activity.

Abstract:Pumpkin with glutinous rice as raw material, lao-zao was made by semi solid fermentation. The inhibition of pumpkin lao-zao and pure rice lao-zao was compared, and the inhibition effect of fermented supernatant of the different concentrations and different fermented time and different adding amount of pumpkin were studied. Then, some physical and chemical indexes were determined. The result showed that pumpkin Lao-zao had significant inhibition effect on α-glucosidase, the inhibition rate of primal was higher than 75 percent, and the active of inhibitor of pumpkin Lao-zao was higher than pure rice Lao-zao. The fermented supernatant of the different concentrations and different fermented time and different adding amount of pumpkin had extremely significant effect on the inhibition effect of α-glucosidase. Moreover, in the forty-eight hour，the inhibition effect was highest, the ratio of glutinous rice and pumpkin was appropriate as 2∶1(g/g). In pumpkin Lao-zao, polysaccharide is 2.87 mg/g, reducing sugar is 3.88%,V_C is 0.024 mg/100 g, protein is 0.071 2 mg/g, alcohol is 2 mL/g, pH is 3.75.

Abstract:The present study was conducted to discuss the effects on genetically modified soybeans on the level of mRNA and protein in StAR gene in male rat, and aimed to provide a scientific basis for the security of transgenic soybeans. Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into GM group and CK group. The GM group were fed with transgenic Roundup Ready soybean containing CP4-EPSPS gene, and the CK group were fed with non-transgenic soybean. Three rats of every group were killed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d, respectively. Viscera index (testes and epididymides) was calculated. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of StAR gene, and ELISA was used to analysis the expression of StAR protein. The morphology and color of testes and epididymides of the GM group and CK group were observed. No significant differences were found in size and testis coefficient. Epididymis coefficient were no significant difference（P>0.05）except 30 d group. The average expression of StAR gene and protein in GM and CK group (30 d 60 d and 90 d) was detected, and no significant differences between the two groups at the same time were found. The results suggested that feeding transgenic soybean for 30 d showed no damages to occurrence of testes and epididymides in rat, and the expression of StAR gene and protein were no difference either.

Abstract:In this study, walnut protein concentrate was modified through physical and chemical Methods respectively. After modification, free sulfhydryl group, disulfide bond content and surface hydrophobic of walnut protein concentrate were determined and the effects of different modification methods on gelation were explored. In order to obtain walnut protein concentrate with stronger gelation potential, the appropriate modification conditions were determined and textural characteristics of protein gel were also analyzed before and after modification. The results showed that the appropriate condition of physical modification(ultrasonic processing) was being treated using ultrasonic power at 840 W for 6 min. The proper condition of chemical modification (reducing agent sodium sulfite) was being reduced using a 0.625 mmol/L reductant for 60 min. It turned out that the ultrasonic modification was the more appropriate method to obtain the optimum gel performance of walnut protein concentrate.

Abstract:Using electronic nose measure and evaluation model as a guidance method for inhibiting halitosis, the strongest bioactive fractions(EⅡM20) were separated from the 95% ethanol emblica extract by organic solvent extraction, repeated normal and reverse phase column chromatography. Consequently, three compounds were isolated from the EⅡM20 by semi-preparative HPLC. Their quantity-quality were 6.8 mg, 4.5 mg, 4.9 mg, repectively. The structures of the three compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods such as ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HR-ESI-MS. The spectroscopy analysis indicated that the compounds were maltose, Bis(2-methylheptyl)phthalate and 1-(4’-amino-phenyl)-ethane-1,2-diol.

Abstract:Wuyi Rock Tea is a kind of semi-fermented oolong tea, with unique flavor. The alkaloid content in the tea is associated with its flavor quality. In this study, 10 typical Wuyi Rock Tea, including 5 Rougui and 5 Shuixian, were used to quantitative analyze the theobromine, theophylline and caffeine content in the tea leaves and tea infusions. Moverover, the alkaloid content in green tea, Tieguanyin Tea and black tea sample were also measured. Then, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to further investigate the difference of the alkaloid content in all these tea samples. The results indicated that, the caffeine, theobromine and theophylline content in the Wuyi Rock Tea leaves were 2.341%, 0.065% and 0.011%, respectively, which were lower than those ingreen tea, Tieguanyin Tea and black tea. After immersed in boiling water for 60 s, approximate 46.56%, 46.36% and 50.15%of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline were dissolved into the infusions. PCA analysis shown that Wuyi Rock Tea samples had significantly different alkaloid profile with green tea, Tieguanyin Tea and black tea.

Abstract:Germinated brown rice powder and different proportion of anti-aging agent were mixed to simulate the aging condition of cooked brown rice food, and the effect of anti-aging agent addition on the anti-retrogradation of germinated brown rice powder was studied. On the basis of single factor experiment, the interaction of anti-aging agent on the anti-retrogradation of germinated brown rice powder were studied by response surface experiment, and the results indicated that the optimal additions of wheat gluten, guar gum, and monoglyceride were 6.3%, 0.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. The hardness value and sensory score at optimal condition were 3 312 g and 89 points, respectively. Compared with the single anti-aging agent, the composite anti-aging agents can more effectively inhibit the aging of the germinated brown rice flour.

Abstract:Studied the effect of the antioxidant activity of moringa seeds peptide caused by temperature, pH, metal ion, carbohydrate based on producing antioxidant peptides with aqueous enzymatic method. The experiment showed that if the moringa seeds peptide was heated with 115 ℃ for 20 min, its antioxidant activity could be improved obviously. The moringa seeds peptide’s antioxidant activity was higher in acid environment. Under the acid environment, if the moringa seeds peptide was heated, its antioxidant activity could be improved higher. Under the non- heat treatment, as the rising of the metal ion’s density, the antioxidant activity of moringa seeds peptide could be improved with different levels. With heat treatment, as the rising of the Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, K⁺ the antioxidant activity of moringa seeds peptide could be lower a little bit. But the antioxidant activity of moringa seeds peptide could be improved obviously as the rising of Cu²⁺ density. The antioxidant activity of moringa seeds carbohydrate could be improved greatly by adding carbohydrate substances such as fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, sucrose, mannose, maltose, GOS. The order of the carbohydrate substances that can help to improve the antioxidant activity of moringa seeds peptide is fructose>galactose>GOS>glucose>lactose=sucrose=mannose=maltose.The study can take the moringa seeds peptide as functional ingredient in the development of food to give theoretical and method guidance.

Abstract:For the purpose of joint production of hydrolysis of porcine blood and microbial ecology preparation of Clostridium butyricum, it was studied that the solid medium formulation suitable for the growth and reproduction of C. butyricum was made of porcine blood powder, and the fermentation products would be used in feed. The formulation of the solid medium formulation was designed and optimized by the mean of mixture design. Moreover, the mathematical regression model of three components of solid medium was established, and the various components and the interaction between them were also discussed. Furthermore, the results showed that the optimum formula was constituted by the growth promoting factor 4.8%, corn flour 46.3%, porcine blood powder 46.3%. On this condition，the number of C. butyricum was expected to reach 8.18×10⁷ CFU/g, and the content of free amino acid nitrogen increased from 0.02 g/100 g to 3.13 g/100 g during the fermentation. Consequently, variance analysis and verification test both showed that the mathematical model established by mixture design method was suitable for optimizing the solid fermentation of porcine blood powder medium for C. butyricum.

Abstract:Cyanide is considered to be one of the most toxic species in food while the existing detection methods involve complex operation and will produce toxicity to inspectors. In this study, a water-soluble fluorescent probe(C-GGH) was synthesized by HOBT/DIC protocol in solution using 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, Glycine and Histidine. Due to the presence of the recognition unit GGH, the probe C-GGH can conjugated with Cu²⁺ to formed non-fluorescent C-GGH-Cu²⁺ complex. Due to the strong binding affinity of CN^- to Cu²⁺, CN^- can extract Cu²⁺ from C-GGH-Cu²⁺ complex, leading to the release of C-GGH and the recovery of fluorescent emission of the system. The probe allowed detection of cyanide in aqueous solution with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.017 μmol/L which is much lower than the maximum contaminant level (0.385 μmol/L) for cyanide in mineral water set by national standard (GB 8537—2008). The probe also displayed excellent specificity for CN^- towards other anions, including F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, SCN^-, PO^3-₄, N^3-, NO^-3, AcO^-, SO^2-₄, and CO^2-₃. The method developed in this study received the same results as national standard method (GB/T 5009.48—2003, GB/T 5009.36—2003, GB/T 8538—2008), but more simple and quick in real sample detection.

Abstract:In this study，the detection approach was established for spectrophotometric determination of iron (Ⅲ), existing in the form of isomaltooligosaccharide-iron (Ⅲ) complex. The method was optimized by operating experiments considering the factors of the process. Several factors effected on isomaltooligosaccharide-iron (Ⅲ) complex digestion, including the volume fraction of acid, the heating temperature and time, and this approach yielded to accurate results except the kinds of acid. The digestion was positively correlated with the acid volume fraction, heating temperature and time. It was found that over 2 mL phenanthroline solution was demanded and that the complexation could maintain stability within pH 3-8 at 240 min. Good linear correlation personated in 1-5 mg/L of iron concentration, R²=0.999 9. Iron contents of isomaltooligosaccharide-iron (Ⅲ) complex were 42.04%, 40.43% and 39.45% respectively. Therefore, a simple, rapid, sensitive and selective assay for iron (III) determination was proposed successfully by the results of average recovery and precision of the experiments.

Abstract:Titration acidity of different buffalo raw milk samples were investigated in both in the same and different season according to GB 4789.18—2010 of “milk and dairy products inspection”. Among the samples, 228 of them were from major buffalo farming community in Yunnan Province, and 655 were from 26 farmers. The alcohol and alkali-doped were test, and the composition of the diet, feeding patterns and parity and lactation days of buffalo were also surveyed. The results showed that the titratable acidity of milk buffers with milk titers ranging from 10 to 13 °T was accounted for 85.7%, and 10.6% of the titratable acidity was more than 14 °T. Only 3.6% in 883 samples was found their acidities were less than 10 °T. Moreover, 83.8% in 228 samples of different origins at the same season were found with the titratable acidity ranging from 10 to 13 °T, and the titratable acidity of 86.4% in 655 samples from same origins at the different season ranged from 10 to 13 °T.

Abstract:Using the market sale leisure dried bean curd as material, determinated the protein content in leisure dried tofu by Kjeldahl method, the moisture content in rapid moisture tester and the fat content with Soxhlet extraction method. Then using the Calory Answer to determinate the contents of protein, fat and moisture, using the mathematical analysis method to correct the detection model, and then the corresponding correction model is obtained. After the calibration, the model of the Calory Answer respectively is yp=1.15x, yw=0.85x, yf=0.65x, these correction model were suitable for the leisure dried tofu that the protein content, moisture content and the fat content ranges in 22.80~27.30 g/100 g, 36.12~51.59 g/100 g and 7.42~14.80 g/100 g, respectively. The protein content after correction of absolute error is decreased by 1.44, the average error rate is reduced by 6.23%; moisture content of absolute error is reduced 6.77, the average error rate reduces 14.71%; fat content of absolute error is decreased by 4.49 and the average error rate reduces 45.74%. After the correction, the corrected Calory Answer can quickly and accurately detect the content of protein, moisture, fat, and provides a new approach for the rapid detection of protein, moisture, fat content in the leisure dried tofu.

Abstract:Taking the plant-esterase from wheat bran as the enzyme source, comparing the physical adsorption method and the cross-linking with adsorption methods, and the glass fiber film as adsorption carrier, and then exploreed the optimum conditions for immobilization use enzyme activity recovery as the evaluation index. On the basis of single-factors experiments, the Box-behnken center-united experimental design principles were used to design the experiment and the response surface analysis of 3 factors (the buffer’s pH, immobilized time and immobilized temperature) and the interactive effect on immobilization. The optimum immobilized conditions were confirmed as followed: phosphate buffer’s pH 7.0, immobilized time 4 h, and immobilized temperature 29 ℃. Based on these conditions, the detection value of the enzyme recovery rate was 28.21%, and its verified value was 27.51%. The study provides a technical reference for rapid determination of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues use immobilized wheat bran esterase.

Abstract:In order to improve the degree of automation and reduce labor intensity in the rice noodles processing, designed the coat-hanger die of rice noodles wire extruding machine to solve rice crowded uneven wire speed problem in the process of silk.Based on the flow basic assumptions, volume flow equation and the flow balance equation is derived to calculate hangers type main part of the structure of the Coat-Hanger Die size. Considering the rice noodle is a natural polymer material, adjusting mechanism and the heating system is designed. The Coat-Hanger Die realize the crowded wire velocity uniformity by using the tears manifold distribution function, regulator to adjust flow channel section and the heating system change rice physical parameters. The results showed that the Coat-Hanger Die improves the uniformity of the wire speed and that the RV value reduced to below 5%,which is in good accordance with the designing requirement.

Abstract:Studied the effect of the speed, the material of guide, feeding methods and the properties of cashew nut on the state of cutting during the process of shell. The results showed that within the scope of test level, the rate of correct position was 65.1%, when the cashew was boiled in the 115 ℃, for 20 min, with the pushing speed 20 r/min, wiht the rigid plastic guide , and article vertical feeding.

Abstract:In this paper, a pricot stone breaking machine was designed to solve the current problem of low productivity and high rate of broken kernels in apricot stone breaking processing. The structure and stress situation of the machine had been analyzed. Various related factors were analyzed, and three primary factors including feeding speed, interspace of breaking device and rotating speed of active roll were focused on. Moreover, these three factors were selected for orthogonal experiments, using the Star apricot stone as material. The results showed that the clearance of breaking device had a significant effect on stone breaking efficiency, while the speeds of feeding and rotating of active roll were no obvious influance. The breaking rate and entire kernel rate of the material reached to 99.65% and 96.87%, respectively, when the feeding speed was 400 kg/h, and the rotating speed of active roll was 400 r/min, using the 9 mm interspace of breaking device. This breaking effect was better than those in the other cases. Furthermore, other kinds of apricot stones were tested using this mechain at the same feeding and rotating speeds, leaving the interspaces of breaking device at 2 mm less than the thickness apricot stone, and it was found that their breaking and kernel rates could be up to more than 98% and 95%, repectively.

Abstract:A new type of Delta Robot was introduced through the analysis of the traditional 3-DOF Delta Robot. And static analysis was performed on the structure of both traditional and new type of Delta Robot by using ANSYS Workbench 14.0. It was proved that statics performance of the new Delta Robot structure has been effectively improved and its rigidity and stability was enhanced through comparison and analysis of total deformation and stress of the two types of Delta Robot models. It also provides a reference to the design of structural optimization and control systems of the new Delta Robot.

Abstract:It was focused on the automatic vertical bag forming-filling-sealing machine (packaging machine for short) and the exploring the relationship between its stability and action sequence in this study. Therefore, it was concluded that three important factors contributed to restricting the speed of the packaging machine, including the transverse sealing, the filling, and the carrying film action time. Moreover, a specific measure of improving the packaging speed was proposed, i.e., designing faster transverse sealing driving mechanism and adding a guide plate above the transverse sealing, trying to keep the bulk product dropping together, and changing the general motor to servo motor and etc. Through some practical applications, it was proved that in the premise of guaranteeing the stability of the packaging machine, the packaging speed could be increased by more than 20%.

Abstract:High-efficient dynamic transmission and high-precision static weighing were combined to develop a bulk food weighing and sorting system with high efficiency and precision. The conveyor belt was used to complete the uninterrupted transmission of the material in this system. Before weighing, the materials were arranged in rows successively, followed by a intermittent static weighing of the materials using a plurality of static weighing sensors, and then they felt to a classified packaging in turn. Combinating the static weighing and dynamic transmission, the high efficiency and precision bulk food weighing were undertaken, with the grading weight could be adjusted according to the actual needs of the system. Moreover, it could execute weighing 150 times per minute with the accuracy up to 0.1%, and the weighing error of high precision standard was only 0.002 kg. The above control system combined man-machine interface (HMI) with PLC combined control mode, and this was easy to operate and monitor remotely with strong reliability and high visualization.

Abstract:To overcome the shortcomings of the existing mincing machine technology, a new type of mincing machine with dual cleaver chopping alternatively continuously was designed. The actuators and transmission system of the existing mincing machine were improved so that the reasonable layout of the two-stage cone gear reducer, worm gear reducer, belt transmission mechanism. Moreover, a double crank slider mechanism was made in order to meet the operation requirements. Furthermore, the software ADAMS was used to conduct a kinematic analysis of the actuator. The results showed that the actuator design was the reliable and reasonable. Our newly designed mincing machine turned out to boost chopping efficiency, filling-making quality and avoid the loss of various nutrients and the splash phenomenon effectively.

Abstract:Theoretically analyzes the operating principle of MVR system for plant extract concentration, and compares the characteristics of different types of compressors. Combined with an example, the operation efficiencies of two MVR systems driven by centrifugal and vortex compressor are researched. The total amount of evaporation and electricity consumption between the two systems are calculated through a statistical method in a half year running time. The results show that under the same design evaporation rate, the average amount of evaporation rate is 2 545.3 kg/h for centrifugal compressor, which is 1 908.3 kg/h for vortex compressor. The largest coefficient of performance (COP) is 15.3 for centrifugal compressor and 11.0 for vortex compressor. The specific electricity consumptions for evaporating are 0.040 kW·h/kg and 0.058 kW·h/kg for the two types of compressors. It can be proved that under the premise of ensuring air tightness, the centrifugal compressor is more suitable for concentrating alcohol distilled plant extract than the vortex compressor, and has a better energy saving effect in concentr-ation process.

Abstract:Introduces the present situation of preparation of hot water for production process of carbonated drinks plant in China. Referring the traditional scheme of condensation heat recovery in refrigerating unit, the heat recovered from the condensation can preheat the water for steam boil and producing low temperature hot water, then the energy consumption of boilers will be reduced. This new scheme can save large amount of energy of carbonated drinks plant for reference.

Abstract:The automatic control stacking machine gradually replace manual palletizing along with the rise of logistics equipment manufacturing industry and the development of automation technology. A special control system for food packaging box stacking machine is introduced. The PLC is used to carry on the servo and the frequency conversion control to the elevator motor and the traveling motor respectively. And the precise position control and the speed control of the movement of the manipulator are realized. The reliability and efficiency of stacking is improved. It is more intuitive and convenient to the operator by the use of HMI, and is useful to the monitoring and maintenance work of the stacking machine system.

Abstract:Based on the network environment, the food sorting visual inspection system was studied. Through the analysis of the design requirements of food sorting system and the design principle, the food sorting system structure model was established, and the bread was taken as the garget for food center position detection test. The results showed that: test error in the range of -1%~4%, meet the requirements of precision sorting and visual processing and can provide a reference for the design of other industrial automatic sorting system.

Abstract:To study the detoxification effect of electron beam irradiation on AFB₁ in corn, the effect of electron beam irradiation on the AFB₁-contaminated corn based on the doses of 0~50 kGy was studied. Physicochemical properties including fatty acid, color and viscosity of AFB₁-contaminted corn at different irradiated doses were also investigated. Results indicated that AFB₁ in corn significantly decreased with the irradiation dose (P<0.05). Moreover, physicochemical properties changed significantly when the irradiation dose was over 15 kGy, including the significant increase of fatty acid value (P<0.05) and the decrease of the viscosities (P<0.05). It was found that the whiteness didn’t change significantly (P>0.05), while the significantly decreased redness and yellowness (P<0.05) were observed.

Abstract:The feasibility was investigated for online detection of soluble solids content (SSC) of “Yuluxiang” pear by visible-near infrared (visible-NIR) diffuse transmittance spectroscopy. 358 samples were divided into the calibration and prediction sets (269∶89) for developing calibration models and assessing their performance. By analyzing, the Vis-NIR transmission spectra of 'YuLuxiang' pears have three peaks at 625 nm, 725 nm and 800 nm and three troughs at 625 nm, 725 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Different preprocessing approaches were tested, it was found that the best approaches were the combination of first derivative (1D), smoothing and multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) preprocessing methods. The partial least square (PLS) regression and least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) models were developed with the pretreatment methods by the combination of first derivative (1D), smoothing and multiplicative scattering correction (MSC). The new samples of the prediction set were applied to evaluate the performance of the models. Compared with PLS model, the performance of LS-SVM model was better with the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.316% and the correlation coefficient of prediction of 0.949. And the spectral dimension reduction method of principal component analysis (PCA) and the kernel function of radial basis function (RBF) were suitable to improve the predictive ability of the LS-SVM model. The results suggested that it was feasible for online detection of SSC of ‘Yuluxiang’ pear by visible-NIR diffuse transmission spectroscopy combined with LS-SVM algorithm. The online detection of soluble solids content (SSC) of “Yuluxiang” pear by visible-near infrared (visible-NIR) diffuse transmittance spectroscopy was demonstrated.

Abstract:The changes of fatty acid and total acid of brown rice, germinated brown rice and selenium-enriched germinated brown rice were determined during storage under various temperature conditions. Results: The fatty acid and total acid of these three samples all increased significantly with the increase of storage temperature. Under different storage temperature, the fatty acid of these three samples increased firstly and then decreased with the extension of storage time, but the total acid showed a reverse trend. The fatty acid and total acid of brown rice showed minimal changes under various temperature conditions. However, the storage quality of selenium-enriched germinated brown rice was better than that of the normal germinated brown rice, revealing that selenium can inhibit lipid oxidation of brown rice during storage.

Abstract:Apple’s typical quality detection experiment was conducted on visual detection platform and the development environment Halcon in this paper. After image acquisition and processing the region of interest was extracted to find out the specific area containing the apple. Moreover, its contour was extracted using dynamic threshold segmentation method, and the area of this contour was calculated and used to assess the size of the apple. Furthermore, the typical defect fruit rot was detected using threshold segmentation method, and then the different gray values were shown in different colors. Based on different region’s colors, the defects were detected based on the colors of different regions, and the color feature was valued using RGB color model and template matching method. A good region was selected to create a template and set parameters, and then the appropriate threshold was set as a qualified color according to the standard color of the R component. In this study, the extraction and the area of the fruit contour were calculated, and the defect and color detections of apples were realized. Finally, good results in the size, defect and color detections of apples were achieved by using Halcon and machine vision methods.

Abstract:To study the anti-aging functions of safflower oil, mice model aged by D-galactose were administered safflower oil by oral gavage. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and liver of these mice were determined with biochemical kits, respectively. The significance of the differences in the content of the components associated with aging and anti-aging among each group was analyzed statistically. The main results were as follows. The MDA content and the activity level of MAO in the brain and liver of mice in the groups administered safflower oil were significantly lower (P<0.05) or very significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of the aging model group. However, the activity levels of GSH-Px, total SOD (T-SOD), CuZn-SOD, and Mn-SOD in the brain and liver of the mice were very significantly higher than those of the aging model group. It was supposed that the anti-aging mechanism of Safflower seed oil might be it could inhibit the lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals and reduces lipid peroxide by scavenging free radicals. By improving body's metabolism, it promoted the decomposition and metabolism of D-galactose, and improved the material energy metabolism, and then regulated the expression of genes related to aging. Meanwhile, the expression of MAO gene was inhibited to reduce MAO content in liver and brain, which resulted in promoting the expression of the genes, including GSH-Px, CuZn-SOD, and Mn-SOD. This could increase the content of GSH-Ps, CuZn-SOD, and Mn-SOD both in liver and brain. We concluded that the safflower seed oil could significantly reduce content of MDA and MAO and increase that of GSH-Ps, CuZn-SOD, and Mn-SOD in liver and brain of aging mice models, performing the obvious anti-aging function.

Abstract:The extraction technology of water–soluble polysaccharides in fresh taro was investigated in this paper. Using simulated conditions of human digestion in vitro, its fat-binding, cholesterol-binding and bile salts-binding capacities were studied in order to evaluate its potential hypocholesterolemic activity in vitro. The results showed that the highest extraction efficiency of taro polysaccharide could be obtain under the conditon of using solid-liquid ratio at 1∶6, reacting at 80 ℃ for 6 h with 85% ethanol, and the extraction ratio reaches (4.92±0.18)%. Taro water–soluble polysaccharides exhibited much higher binding capacities of both fat and bile acid, while much lower one of cholesterol, compared to cellulose. The above results revealed that taro water–soluble polysaccharides could potentially alleviate the hyperlipidemia.

Abstract:In this study, the volatile components in Australia mint were extracted, using supercritical CO₂ and subcritical butane, and then the extractives were analyzed by GC—MS. The results showed that the extraction rate of supercritical CO₂ was 2.5%, and that of the subcritical butane was 1.4%. Through the analysis of GC—MS, 21 components were identified in the supercritical CO₂ extraction, and the relative content of menthol was 70.33%. However, 11 components were identified in the subcritical butane extraction, and the relative content of menthol was 60.83%. Our results showed that the supercritical CO₂ extraction of volatile components in Australian mint was better than the subcritical butane one.

Abstract:Extracted kernel oil from dried Macadamia by aqueous method. Firstly, the basic physicochemical properties were analyzed, and then, the infrared characteristics, fatty acid, tocopherol, phospholipids, sterols of macadamia oil were analyzed by the method of IR, GC and HPLC, to determine the oxidation induction time and free radical scavenging capacity to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of macadamia nut oil. The results showed that the peroxide value, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index，moisture and volatile matter by aqueous extraction of macadamia nut oil were 0.59 mmoL/kg, 0.28 mg KOH/g, 74.21 g/100 g, 198.78 mg KOH/g, 1.466 8, 0.36%, respectively; the infrared spectrum shows that the macadamia nut oil has the characteristic absorption of the nut oil; fatty acid analysis revealed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid was 83.45%, of which the content of oleic acid and oleic acid were 17.25% and 61.44%, respectively; the content of the total phenolic and sterol were 31.87 and 55.51 mg/100 g, respectively, while phospholipids and tocopherol were not detected; the oxidation induction time of macadamia nut oil was 11.44 h, and the ability of free radical scavenging was 89.84%, which had good oxidation resistance.

Abstract:The effects was studied on the biologically active substances content and antioxidant activity of G. procumbens extracts, which was from different parts of Gynura procumbens(Lour.) Merr, by different drying methods, and with different kinds of solvents. The results showed that: G. procumbens roots compared to its stems and leaves had higher content of phenolic and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity was also stronger, and the ferric reducing ability and ABTS⁺·scavenging capacity and DPPH·scavenging capacity were 21.25±0.31, 35.27±0.26, 56.20±0.22 TEAC（trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity）value (μg Trolox/mL), respectively. Drying methods had significant effect on the content of the biologically active substance of G. procumbens roots extracts, freeze drying and 60 ℃ hot air drying obtained with strong antioxidant activity. Extraction solvents had significant effect on the content of the biologically active substance of G. procumbens roots extracts, and the antioxidant activity (FRAP ferric reducing ability, DPPH·scavenging capacity and ABTS⁺·scavenging capacity) of extracts and their total phenolic content were significantly correlated, with the correlation coefficient R of 0.919, 0.848 and 0.907, respectively. The antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH and ABTS) of extracts and their total flavonoids content were significantly correlated, too, with the correlation coefficient R of 0.915, 0.793 and 0.823, respectively. The antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH and ABTS) and chlorogenic acid content correlation coefficient R were 0.887, 0.927 and 0.900, respectively, but had less relevant with the vitamin C content was.

Abstract:By using the hydrolysis degree as the evaluation, the sheep lung enzymatic process was optimized to investigate the antioxidate activities of the enzymolysis products, hydrolyzed by neutral protease. On the basis of single factor studies, the response surface analysis (RSM) assay was then used to obtain the best enzymatic proscess. Our results showed that the optimal condition was as follows. The enzyme amount was 1 700.0 U/g, with solid-liquid ratio 2∶1(mL/g) , enzymatically hydrolyzed for 4 h at 50 ℃. Under this optimal conditions, 3 times of the replication experiments turned out that the error of the actual degree of hydrolysis (18.89%) was small, compared with the theory one (18.19%). Moreover, the absorption value of reducing power was found to be 0.472, and IC₅₀ of the DPPH radical scavenging rate, the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate were 67 mg/mL, 40.07 mg/mL, and 31.88 mg/mL, respectively. These results of above detection indicated that enzymatic hydrolysates of sheep lungs possessed certain antioxidant activity in virto.

Abstract:The fresh Gastrodia elata was used to extract total phenolic content which help to explore an ultrasonic assisted extraction technology.. The total phenol from the G. elata under different drying conditions was extracted by the optimized technology. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were detected, and then the correlation between them was analyzed. The results showed that extraction temperature was the main factor that influenced the extraction efficiency of total phenol. The optimal process condition was.extracting the total phenol for 35 min at 50℃, using a solid-liquid ratio is 110（g/mL）with extraction power 80 W, and consenquently 5.62 mg/g of total phenole was obtained from G. Elata. Furthemor, it was found that the highest content of total phenolic content is 5.754 mg/g in hot air drying among all the different drying conditions, and total antioxidant capacity, anti superoxide anion free radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging ability of it were also the highest. In addition, the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were found significantly correlated with each other, and this indicated that the total phenolic compounds might poccess certain antioxidant capacity.

Abstract:Polar polyphenols were extracted from pear using different polar solvents in this study. The antioxidant properties of different polar polyphenols were evaluated by comparing the antioxidant value. The results showed that the peroxide value was 9.43 mmol/kg, and the inhibition rate was 41.86%, added soybean oil with the water layers polyphenols at the fifteenth day. Moreover, the values were 10.19 mmol/kg, and 37.17%, respectively, while adding peroxide value soybean oil with n-butanol layers pear polyphenol. When ethyl acetate layer pear polyphenol was added, the values were changed to be 11.03 mmol/kg and 34.99% respectively. Significant differences of the antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging abilities of different polar polyphenols from pear could be found in the present studies. The PPO activities order of polyphenols extracted by solvents was water, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, and the PPO activities of polyphenols extracted from pear increased accordant with the solvents polarity increasing.

Abstract:Protein and fat were coexist in bone extracts during extraction, and fat is prone to emulsion. The physical method used currently was incapable of degreasing quickly. In addition, the equipment was complicated to operate and its investment was high. Therefore, a simple method was provided and corresponding equipment for degreasing of bone extracts was made to solve these problems. Four steps, control of heat treatment, limit of the outlet speed, gravity sedimentation and ultra-high speed centrifugal separation of 14 727×g, were utilized successively to obtain 99.5% of degreasing rate, while the content of fat in chicken bone extracts was 0.48% under the condition, and thus provide qualified raw materials for subsequent enzyme hydrolysis and Maillard reaction processing of bone extracts and its derivative products.

Abstract:Compared to the traditional desalination process, the effect of three-stage countercurrent gradient desalination on the quality of the pickled mustard tubers was studied. The results showed that the quality of the pickled mustard tubers treated by three-stage countercurrent desalination was better than others. It was found that the total radios of pickled mustard tubers and water was 1∶2(g/mL), 1∶1(g/mL), and 1∶1(g/mL) in the reaction level 3, 2 and 1, respectively, desalting for 3 min, and the level 1 was confirmed to be the best reaction among the three ones. In this case, the content of salt, total acid and total amino acid in the pickled mustard tubers were 6.0%, 3.4 g/kg, and 664 mg/100 g, respectively, and 53 kinds of flavor substances were detected. The content of salt, total acid and total amino acid in the final saline solution were 3.2%, 1.76 g/kg, and 80.3 mg/100 g, respectively. Therefore, the final saline solution could be used for the process of mustard tubers sauce. In conclusion, this desalination process turned out to be more effective than the traditional one, and the quality of the pickled mustard tubers in this reaction was better than those in others. Moreover, it could help to reduce the water consumption during the process and then could alleviate the pressure of sewage treatment.

Abstract:To apply the soybean phospholipid by-product from ethanol extraction to bread, the effect of the by-product on bread quality was studied using the blank and the soybean phospholipid without alcohol extraction as a control, through sensory evaluation and analyses of the specific volume, color, texture and aging during storage period. The results indicated that the by-product had a better effect on the improvement of bread quality. By the optimum adding amount of 0.6%, the specific volume of bread effectively increased and the hardness and chewiness were markedly decreased. This may be due to the proportion change after alcohol extraction, which enhanced the improvement of the by-product.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of cigarette quality on the different application amount in different grades of cigarette lap adhesive, six gradient sizing of three different cigarette lap adhesive glue quantity have been tested in the same condition. The results showed that：1）the different cigarette lap adhesive glue quantity was influential of the sensory quality of cigarette, when the amount of the sizing agent was more than 1.5 mL per thousand cigarette, the cigarette sensory quality became worse with the increase of the amount of the glue, mainly manifested in the cigarette sensory stimulation increases, the miscellaneous gas and dry sense increases, the clean degree becomes bad. 2) Effect of the amount of glue on the appearance quality of cigarette, when the sizing value of 1# was 2.0 mL per thousand cigarette, the phenomenon of explosion occurs, when the glue amount was 3.5 mL per thousand cigarette, there was the phenomenon of inner overflow; when the sizing value of 2# and 3# was 1.0 mL per thousand cigarette, the phenomenon of explosion occurs, when the glue amount was 3.5 mL per thousand cigarette, there was the phenomenon of inner overflow. 3) Combined with the evaluation results of the quality of cigarettes inside and outside, it was determined that the amount of the 1# adhesive was 2.5-3.0 mL per thousand cigarette, and 2# or 3# was 1.5 to 2.0 mL per thousand cigarette. Fourth, with the change of cigarette lap adhesive glue quantity, physical quality, chemical components of mainstream smoke of cigarette and seven kinds of harmful ingredients were not obvious.

Abstract:In order to seek the further processing technology of Okra after large scale planting, the drying process was researched by using the GZ-1 hot air convection drying apparatus. The specific energy consumption factor was presented from the formula of energy consumption, as an evaluation factor of energy consumption. The effects of different drying air temperature, wind speed and the layer number of laying on drying rate were tested. The drying rate, energy consumption, color and the change of polyphenols content were taken as the evaluation indexes. The optimum hot air drying conditions were temperature 80 ℃, double layer laying, wind speed 1.2 m/s at first, then reducing wind speed to 0.8 m/s when the wet basis moisture content is less than 53%. Under these conditions, the better color index, higher flavonoids and polyphenols content and higher energy efficiency were obtained.

Abstract:This review mainly focuses on the progress on the application of aptamers on food safety detection. Firstly, the nature, mechanism and characteristics of aptamers were introduced; Secondly, four types of SELEX technology from the angle of the fixed objects and the composition of library were classified; finally, the application and development of aptamers in food safety detection were reviewed and prospected.

Abstract:The freezing process of numerical model, solving differential equations, predicting freezing time and analyzing of air supply velocity, temperature and methods were reviewed. The application of numerical simulation technology in food freezing process was discussed. The numerical simulation methods for different freezing objects were also summarized, which would be useful for the future application of numerical simulation methods in the process of heat transfer of foods.

Abstract:Microorganisms can synthesize a wide range of surface-active compounds with high ability to reduce surface and interfacial surface tension, generally called microbial surfactants. Major types, sources, screening of producing strain, the use of cheap substrates, optimization of fermentation process, separation and purification on microbial surfactants and its application in food additives were reviewed. Finally, present problems during the research were discussed. This study can provide theoretical basis for the industrial production and application of microbial surfactants in food industry.

Abstract:Acrylamide (AA) is a kind of neurotoxin and potential carcinogen, formed in heating food treatment, has been aroused extensive attention in all over the word. Accurate determination of AA in complex food system is the first importance to evaluate its harmful effects on human health. In this paper, the disadvantages of traditional determination methods of AA, including liquid chromatography, gas chromotography and their coupling technique, were reviewed. Moreover, the complex of sample pretreatment process, requirement of necessary sample derivatives and professional analyzer, and expensive analytical instruments etc. were focused on. Furthermore, several new determination methods, such as capillary electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, super-molecular recognition method, and nano-biosensor, etc. were introduced in detail. The advantages, disadvantages and the existing problems of the current determination methods in practical application were also indicated. Summarizing these methods were helpful to provide thoughts to develop more practical methods. In the future, the promising determination methods should satisfy many merits, including simple sample preparation, rapid and time-saving, low-costing, point-of-care testing and so on.

Abstract:In this paper, the basic theory of microbial risk assessment was introduced, and the software modules used to establish predictive microbial models were concluded. The characteristics of Bayesian networks and its application in the food-borne microbial quantitative risk assessment were also summarized. Therefore, its future application in microbial quantitative risk assessment were prospected.

Abstract:Electronic nose technique is a kind of emerging technology in gas analysis and has been widely applied in agricultural products and food testing, due to the advantages of its rapid response in a short time. In this paper, a number of ANN algorithm were illuminated, and the applications of ANN-based electronic nose system in destructive testing of fruit, meal, tea, milk and wine etc. were reviewed. Finally, the shortcomings of electronic nose technique and ANN algorithm and the development trend of them were also discussed.

Abstract:This paper analyzed the health benefit of colored potatoes and reviewed the advances in functional food development of colored potatoes. On the basis, the development of functional food and the utilization of colored potatoes were ahead, in order to provide a reference for their intensive processing.

Abstract:This paper introduced a variety of almond cracking technology, and mainly focus on the structure, working principle and characteristics of existing almond cracking mechanical in China and abroad. Analyzed the current technology research and the existing problems of almond cracking mechanical, and proposed the application prospect. This paper provided a reference for almond cracking machine technique and equipment.