Abstract:To investigate the effects on cell viability and cell cycle of apigenin on BCPAP cell line, the MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition rates of BCPAP cells at 24 h which cultured with apigenin in different concentrations, and of BCPAP cells at 24, 48, 72 h which cultured with 12.5, 25, 50 μmol/L apigenin as well. The bright field images of cell morphology were analyzed. The effects were evaluated of different concentration of apigenin on the morphology of BCPAP cells, and the inhibition of cell growth. The cell cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometry. The different concentrations (12.5～100 μmol/L) of apigenin had cytotoxicity on BCPAP cells, which were clearly dose-and time-dependent. The IC₅₀ of 24 h is 40.65 μmol/L. There are significant effects of apigenin on the morphological changes of BCPAP cells, and the high concentration of apigenin strongly inhibited BCPAP cell growth in numbers. Cells were treated with apigenin which had significant effects on cell cycle of BCPAP cell, and induced apoptosis. Apigenin had significant cytotoxicity and inhibition of cell viability on thyroid cancer BCPAP cells. One of the mechanisms may be that it might make significant G2/M phase arrest and induced apoptosis, and a decrease of cell viability, then the cell number was declined.

Abstract:In order to study on the effects of fungal substance soluble dietary fiber on the intestinal peristalsis and absorption in mice, 75 kunming mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups: blank control group fed with saline, control positive group fed with phenolphthalein solution of 50 mg/kg·BW and three testing groups fed with low (2.5 g/kg·BW), middle (5 g/kg·BW) and high (15 kg/kg·BW) dosages of soluble dietary fiber in fungal substances. The results indicated that fungal substance soluble dietary fiber had some effects in inhibiting mice weight gain (P<0.05) and there is a positive correlation between the dosages of soluble dietary fiber and the inhibition of weight gains, middle doses of soluble dietary fiber had a significant effect on intestinal peristalsis in mice (P<0.05), soluble dietary fiber enhanced intestinal peristalsis with great significance (P<0.01) of high dosage and remarkable significance (P<0.05) of middle dosage. The intestinal peristalsis is positively correlated with the dosage of the fungal substance soluble dietary fiber.The effect on intestinal peristalsis between high and low dosages of soluble dietary fiber is significantly different (P<0.05).

Abstract:The bacterial community structure of three types Fen-Daqus (Qingcha Daqu, Houhuo Daqu and Hongxin Daqu) were studied through construction of bacteria 16S rRNA gene clone library, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that the bacteria communities of three types Fen-Daqus were both distributed in Bacilli, Actinobacteridae, Gammaproteobacteria. But there are some specific differences in detail composition of the bacterial species among the three types Fen-Daqus. Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus were the dominant bacteria in Qingcha Daqu (the ratio to total clones were 37.78% and 22.22% separately); Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Weissella were the dominant bacteria in Houhuo Daqu (the ratio to total clones were 35%, 16.67%, 16.67%, 13.33% separately); Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Thermoactinomyces were the dominant bacteria in Hongxin Daqu (the ratio to total clones were 26.67%, 28.89%, 17.78% separately).

Abstract:Attapulgite clay, soy protein, vegetable oil and Tween 80 were used to prepare Lactobacillus emulsion. By comparing the encapsulation rate, the results of the water-in-oil type were better than those of the oil-in-water type. The best encapsulation rate of the water-in-oil emulsion was 92.31% by the optimal orthogonal experiments. The viable cell was 5.171×10¹⁰ CFU/mL, and the emulsification was 2.176. The cells in the emulsion in the artificial simulation gastric juice declined with the time increasing, then constantly released in the artificial simulation intestinal juice, and the cells reached the maximum at the sixth hours, then gradually decay. The emulsion can reduce the damage of gastrointestinal environment for Lactobacillus.

Abstract:To explore the mechanism of the microbial flora in fermented sausage, traditional methods of microbiological plate dilution and biochemical detection were performed to isolate and culture yeast, E. coli., lactic acid bacteria and other microorganisms. DNA of these suspected strains were extracted, and 16S rDNA and ITS were amplified using PCR technique, and then the amplification products were sequenced. After the obtained gene sequences were compared with those in GenBank by sequence homology comparison, three high abundance suspected strains were identified as: Debaryomyces, Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain YSY1-6 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp respectively.

Abstract:With dandelion as raw materials, the bacteria were isolated and identified , and the total acid, pH and salinity were also identified from the naturally fermented product. Free amino acids were analyzed by amino acid analyzer and were classified in accordance with the taste intensity. The results showed that Lactobacillus planetarium was dominant and the content of bitter amino acids (Leu, Val, Arg, Ile, Trp, Met) was higher than the others in the early fermentation process. Lactobacillus planetarium and Lactobacillus brevis took an active part in the main fermentation stage. Meanwhile, the content of sweet amino acids (Ser, Thr, Gly, Ala, His, Pro) and umami amino acids (Glu, Asp, Lys) increased but the bitter amino acids' content decreased. In the late fermentation process, Lactobacillus fermentum was dominant, and the sweet and umami amino acids' content was higher than the bitter. Throughout the fermentation process, the content of aromatic amino acids (Tyr, Cys, Phe) changed a little. Dandelion enjoyed a best taste from the seventh to twentieth day after fermentation.

Abstract:Effects were studied, of which Na2SO3 as reducing agent or surfactant including Tween 80 and soybean lecithin, on soy protein hydrolysis process, product yield and foaming capacity by papain hydrolysi. The results showed that adding suitable amount of Na2SO3 and soybean lecithin not only can improve the hydrolysis process significantly, but also can improve the yield of soluble hydrolysate, and the product has high foaming capacity and foam stability. Amino acid analysis showed that the content of hydrophobic amino acid in precipitation was higher that in supernatant. It means that aggregation and precipitation of hydrolysis processes have close relation to hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract:The volatile components in two typical cultivars of green tea grown in Wuxi, Baikhovi tea and Taihu tea, were extracted by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS—SPME) and analyzed by GC—MS respectively. The results showed that there were 74 and 56 volatile components in the two cultivars, representing 98.59% and 98.51% of the total peak area. Alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, esters, carboxylic acids and ketones were the major constituents, but their relative contents in the two cultivars were different. The contents of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids in Baikhovi tea were higher but the contents of alcohols, esters and alkanes were lower than those in Taihu tea. A total of 16 constituents such as 1-pentanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool and its oxides, methyl salicylate, hexanal and junipene were found common in the two cultivars, which can provide green, floral and fruity odor and are major contributors to the total aroma of green tea grown in Wuxi. The fact also confirmed that in comparison to simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) technique, SPME is an effective method for determine the volatile flavor profiles of tea before GC analysis.

Abstract:In order to build a suitable method for determination of histamine content in fermented meat products, liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, the national standard method and the improved national standard method were used to determine histamine content in fermented meat products. It was shown that the standard curve of the three methods showed a good linear relationship. HPLC method presented the highest precision with a good relative standard deviation (RSD < 1%), while the national standard method exhibited the worst precision and the relative standard deviation was close to 5%. The range of recovery rate of both HPLC method and the improved national standard method were higher than 90% and were better than that of the national standard method. The results revealed that HPLC method and the improved national standard method could meet the determination of histamine content in fermented meat products experimental requirements.

Abstract:To study on internal quality of the fruit, in order to improve the detection speed and robustness, near infrared spectral diffuse transmission is applied to on-line detection research, using partial least squares regression (PLSR) algorithm combined with different pre-processing methods to establish the quantitative models of soluble solids content (SSC) of internal quality of the apple. The results of final model were achieved as follow: the model was stability which was used by first derivative combined with multiplicative signal correction (MSC), rootmean square errors of calibration and rootmean square errors of prediction are 0.17 and 0.39, respectively, the correlation coefficient of calibration is 0.988 3. The results indicated that the diffuse transmission of NIRS could be applied successful determine the SSC in apple as a fast and nondestructive method.

Abstract:The platinum particles-Fe(III) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrodes(Pt—Fe(Ⅲ)/MWCNTs/GCE) were prepared by drop coating and electrochemical deposition. The electrocatalytic property of Pt—Fe(Ⅲ)/MWCNTs/GCE on NO₂^- were studied, the experimental conditions were optimized and a differential pulse voltammetric method for determining NO₂^- was established．The oxidation peak current of NO₂^- is proportional to the concentration of NO₂^- over the range of 3.0×10^-7～2.0×10^-3 mol/L with the detection limit of 1.0×10^-7 mol/L (r = 0.999 3). The method was applied to the determination of NO₂^- in food, and the result was satisfactory.

Abstract:A method for the determination of amylose and amylopectin content in mung bean was established based on dual-wavelength spectrophotometry. The factors influencing the photometric absorption were also investigated. The precision of the method and the recovery of standard addition were investigated as well. The determination and reference wavelength of amylose were 610 nm and 498 nm, respectively, and that of amylopectin were 553 nm and 709 nm, respectively. The precision of the method was appropriate. The average recovery of amylose and amylopectin were 94.10% and 90.94%, respectively. The regression equation was established to calculate the amylose and amylopectin content in 3 kinds of mung bean being 11.70%~12.67% and 32.70%~34.22%, respectively.

Abstract:To analyze the uncertainty evaluation of measurement results for p-hydroxy benzoic acid ethyl ester in edible betel nut by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry, the various factors were found, which affected uncertainty according to JJF 1059.1-2012 Evaluation and Expression Uncertainty in Measurement, and evaluated the synthetic uncertainty and expanded it, gave the uncertainty range of the measured value. It was provided support for methods discussing and evaluation on test reports. It is showed that three kind of factorshave significant contribution to the uncertainty synthesis, such as recovery factor, gas chromatography mass spectrometry and measurement repeatability.

Abstract:Wine age is one of the main indicators of Chinese rice wine in quality. There are many limits in time and place about chromatograph and spectrograph. Surface Acoustic Wave zNose can distinguish Chinese rice wine of different wine age real time, on-the-spot and on-line monitoring. GuYueLongShan Chinese rice wines which belong to different category were sampled. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis, where 100% classification was achieved. The correlation coefficient of characteristic peak aera and regression equation were better, which were 0.990 2, 0.994 3, 0.987 6 respectively. The linear regression model could also distinguish different GuYueLongShan Chinese rice wine based on wine age. It could be concluded zNose combined with chemical analysis methods could be used for discriminating wine age of Chinese rice wine.

Abstract:A hyperspectral imaging technology combined with the principal component analysis (PCA) and the minimum noise fraction (MNF) methods were developed for the detection of common defects in Lingwu long jujubes, and investigated the influence of the background to recognition of defects. Firstly, the hyperspectral images of jujube samples (insect hole, crack and intact jujubes) were acquired. Secondly, the PCA and MNF methods were used to reduce dimensionality of hyperspectral images and to separate the noise from signals effectively. The PC1 and M1 images of insect hole and intact jujube, PC2 and M2 images of crack jujube were selected to distinguish different type of jujubes. By the PCA method, the classification rates of three kinds of jujubes all were 100%. And by the MNF method, the classification rates of insect hole jujubes, crack jujubes and intact jujubes were 69.2%, 56.8%, 100%, respectively. Then, the masked original hyperspectral images were to remove the effect of background and analyzed by the PCA and MNF method again. The classification rates by the PCA method were all 100%, and the classification rates by the MNF method were 73.1%, 65.9%, 100%, respectively. The results showed that the hyperspectral imaging technology combined with PCA and MNF methods were feasible. The influence of the background by the MNF method to defect recognition was slight and the impact to defect recognition by the PCA method gained the advantage over the MNF method. The recognition rate of the MNF method combined with background mask was better than that of no background mask, and to provide the theory basis for the common defects of online detection in future.

Abstract:A method was developed for simultaneous determination of 8 β-lactams in goat milk by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC—MS/MS). The milk was extracted with acetonitrile, purified with C₁₈ and PSA sorbent and separated by an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column using water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The mass spectrometric acquisitions were carried out by means of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ionization mode. The linear relation of eight β-lactams was good and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.986. The recovery rates of the target analyte were between 83.8%～95.4%. The relative standard deviations were less than 6.5%. The limit of detection (LOD) of 8 β-lactams was 0.25～1.00 μg/kg and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.0～2.0 μg/kg. This method was reliable for the determination of β-lactams in goat milk and other dietary products.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the heavy metal contamination and the safe levels of vegetables, Six root vegetables in hinterland of reservoir area were detected by microwave digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the pollution of Pb, Cd, As, Sn, Cu and Cr in vegetables was evaluated by single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index. The result showed that the content of As, Sn and Cr in root vegetables on selling exceeded the standard, and were over the standard 27.08%, 12.50% and 8.33%, respectively. Single pollution index showed that as in carrot, Cr in carrot and radish were in the warning level, still in controlled range. Light pollution of as to radish and lotus, and severe pollution of Cr, Sn to lotus. Comprehensive pollution index showed that potato, sweet potato, carrot and asparagus lettuce were not contaminated, radish was light polluted and lotus was severe polluted by heavy metal.

Abstract:Based on the numerical simulation method on computational fluid dynamics (Computational fluid dynamics, CFD), and using anion exchange resin (717) as internal chromatography media, the fluid distribution and flow resistance characteristics in ion exchange column were studied respectively. For the convenience of simulation, water was selected as feed liquid, at the flow rate of 3 m3/h, appeared laminar flow state in the exchange column. On the assumption that the fluid uniform premise, the flow resistance characteristics for the column ion exchange resin filler was simulated by the two-dimensional porous media model, and the effects of the exchange column of fluid pressure drop on different working conditions and structure. Taking the ion exchange column head distributor as the research object, the fluid distribution of the chromatography column was simulated. According to the simulation results, distributor configuration was improved to achieve a uniform distribution of fluid to some extent, which could offer system supporter for the next system building and simulation, and further provide theoretical foundation and model support for structure optimization and engineering enlargement for the design of new ion exchange column.

Abstract:Used the globoid indexing cam replace hydraulic motor and disc spring to control machine turntable. Determined the parameters of two levels of driving gear, and figured out resisting moment computation formula. Used Pro/E to build models and assemble, added the corresponding constraints during in Adams importing, then made a kinematics simulation. The results showed that turntable, under the globoid indexing cam controlled, can make the transmission and position integration, and the positioning error under the bounds of allowed. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using globoid indexing cam to replace hydraulic motor control turntable, provide theoretical basis for the improvement of existing equipment.

Abstract:PEF sterilization technology is a novel non-thermal sterilization technique, the processing chamber is applied directly, for loading the material to be processed in a processing chamber and pulsed electric field. A paper designed pilot scale electrode spacing is adjustable, replaceable processing chamber cavity coaxially novel process chamber, the system established by pulsed electric fields coupled three COMSOL software mathematical model of the electric field intensity of the processing chamber, the material flow characteristics and temperature distribution, provide the basis for structural optimization coaxial treatment chamber. Simulation results show that non-uniform electric field strength at the edge of the inner circle of the positive electrode, the positive electrode treatment chamber after rounding is more applicable.

Abstract:The variation of the internal temperature field and airflow field in the evaporative condenser was discussed when it was worked under an unsteady state numerical simulation by using CFD software. The performance of internal temperature field and airflow field was analyzed when the condenser worked within 5 s with different air inlet direction (single inlet, double inlets, and three inlets). The simulation results showed that when the condenser worked with single inlet, the cold airflow was easily infiltrated the bottom of the condenser horizontally, then rose and got heat exchange with coils under the effect of density difference. The condenser which has double inlets could decrease swirls’ number and intensity that caused by the disturbance of coils and walls. Furthermore, when the condenser worked with three inlets, the cavity temperature of condenser would experience a process of fall first and then rise. In the future study, the airflow inlet area and air inlet angle can also be changed to optimize the heat transfer efficiency of the evaporative condenser.

Abstract:The modal analysis was carried out based on the 3D solid model of the A=0.4 m² film dryer rotor by the ANSYS software, the first four orders of system inherent frequencies and vibration forms were initially attained, the critical speeds of main shaft were calculated; The harmonic response analysis was carried out based on the modal analysis of the rotor by the Full method, the influence of the eccentricity(c=2.5 mm) and the unbalance mass (m=0.1, 0.2 kg) on the rotor vibration were analyzed, and the bearing stiffness was changed to analyze the inherent frequency and vibration characteristic of the rotor system. the results show that: the eccentricity and the unbalance mass have great influences on the rotor vibration response; the bearing stiffness has a certain effect on the inherent frequency and vibration characteristic of the rotor.

Abstract:The thin-film dryer process calculation mathematical model was established, with 25% calcium propionate as the research object, using the numerical simulation software MATLAB, drying rate and drying length was obtained and the influence of feed temperature, rotate speed, feed rate, and heating temperature was also discussed. The results showed that feed rate and heating temperature had a great influence on drying rate and drying length, while feed temperature and rotate speed had less influence on drying rate and drying length, which provided the basis for calcium propionate drying.

Abstract:For seed separator actuator working characteristics of the low speed and low load, a small high-speed parallel manipulator was designed as seed separator of actuators. Using SolidWorks and MATLAB software simulation technology, established the simulation model of robot hand fully, and Usesd full performance indicators to make optimization design for parallel mechanism. The results show that the manipulator work within the scope of the condition number of jacobian matrix is small, smooth fluctuations, and manipulator kinematics performance and driving performance are good. Research on the establishment of the prototype of the manipulator and the control method has certain reference value.

Abstract:A cutting device for shrimp was designed, and a series of tests were carried out on efficiency of back open of shrimp and sense evaluation, between on gear knife and knife, post and reverse rotation, rotation speeds. The results showed that: by using the positive-free geared knife to cut shrimp when it came to 350~400 r/min, the cutting result achieved best. The device is stable, efficiency and suiting practice.

Abstract:The morphological properties of the bay scallop affects weight properties were analyzed quantitatively, by determining the shell length as a key trait for grading work. By combining the characteristics of the physics properties of the bay scallop, a V-wheel roller grader was designs. and Slid-works was used to build a dimensional machine model of V-wheel roller grader. The results showed that the design of V-wheel roller grader was reasonable and the structural was novel, can achieve high efficiency and precision grade scallops.

Abstract:It proposed a program of continuous peeling for shrimp, and determined that the roller's nip angle was the major impact factor for shrimp peeling effecienby. The equipment was designed for continuous shrimp peeling, and tests were carried out to optimize structural parameters. Tests showed that with the decreases of the thickness of shrimp, the loss of shrimp gradually increased, while the sensory score represented by success rate and the difficulty of peeling increased, thus determining the classification level of peel shrimp 82～100 kg^-1, fully guarantee the success rate of peeling; with the increase of the rotational speed, the shrimp's loss and sensory scores are firstly increased and then decreased, and therefore determine the rotational speed of the roller group 45 r/min; with the increasing of rotation angle, the shrimp's loss increases, the too small rotation angle leads to severe adhesion of shrimp and shrimp skins and failure of peeling, thus determining the angle of rotation of rollers 270 °/234 °, making the loss of shrimp lowest under the premise of successful peeling of shrim.The continuous peeling device for shrimp will improve the efficiency of shrimp peeling and provide theoretical basis and foundation for subsequent development of the prototype.

Abstract:In order to ensure Yuba production for high quality, efficiency and continuousness, by analyzing the current situation of domestic and international in Yuba production, and study the Yuba production equipment commonly used features, a new type of equipment for continuous Yuba production was designed. By using "Pro/E" software, designed the virtual design of 3D view model in equipment and its key components. Through the virtual assembly and interference inspection indicaed that the device was reasonable in structure, and had no interference phenomenon. Has certain practical value and theoretical significance of the study.

Abstract:From the aspects of coconut shell dryer at home and abroad research results summary, analysis analyzed the merit and shortcoming of all kinds of research, combining the reality of life and the actual operation, based on the geometric, physical and mechanical properties of coconut research, design a kind of roller tooth coconut peel dryer was designed. Used in the design of tooth nail pierced into the coconut, and nail tooth as the roller gear shaft rotates, the coconut coat torn off. Ultimately, stripped of coconut processing production process realized mechanization, the The coconut stripped machine structure is simple, but itand can very good satisfy the coconut shell work clothes, with low manufacturing cost, comprehensive performance, high reliability, simple operation. It can be a very good promotion to the actual application, promote the development of the coconut production industry in China.

Abstract:The application of silver carp enzymatic-hydrolysates (Protamex hydrolysates, PH and Alcalase hydrolysates, AH) in frozen surimi was studied, with an untreated mince (CTRL) and the effects of sucrose–sorbitol on the frozen surimi as the comparison. Amino acid composition and amino acid nitrogen analysis showed that PH had higher contents of Asp, Lys and free amino acids (P<0.05). Relative molecular weight distribution results indicated that PH had more fractions of high molecular weights. Textural analysis of frozen surimi demonstrated that after 4 weeks frozen, gel strength and hardness of 2% PH and sucrose-sorbitol added group increased. Elasticity of all the samples was slightly lower. And under the frozen condition, all samples’ color was less affected. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results displayed that protein aggregation of 2% PH and sucrose-sorbitol added groups were less, and the microstructures were less porous and more homogeneous. The surfaces of CTRL and 8% AH added groups showed obvious holes. This study indicates that PH can help to maintain quality of frozen surimi, and provides preliminary evidence for development of a possible new generation cryoprotectans using silver carp hydrolysates.

Abstract:Changes of qualities related to non-enzymatic browning in Chinese jujube concentrate at different storage temperatures (4 ℃, 26 ℃and 37 ℃) for 7 months were evaluated. Changes of reducing sugar, vitamin C, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were fitted with zero-order, first-order models respectively. The results showed that the fit of the zero-order model was superior to the first-order model to explain the kinetic changes of reducing sugar, and the fit of the first-order model was superior to the zero-order model to explain the kinetic changes of Vc. At 4 ℃, 26 ℃ or 37 ℃, a correlation between HMF formation and A₄₂₀ was observed, and color conditions (A₄₂₀, L*, Chroma) could be expressed by first-order equations as functions of HMF. Higher storage temperature (26 ℃and 37 ℃) had significant effects (P＜0.05) on changes of color conditions (A₄₂₀, L*, Chroma), reducing sugar, vitamins C in Chinese jujube concentrate, significantly higher than 4 ℃ storage, could be protect well during lower temperature storage.

Abstract:Effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on the quality and shelf life of squid were studied. Squid muscles were high-pressure processed at pressure levels of 200, 400, 600 MPa for 5, 10, 20 minutes (25 ℃). Then the treated samples were stored at 4 ℃ for 10 days. The effects of HHP on biochemical, pH and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that HHP retained the moisture, protein and fat contents of fresh squid. And no significant changes were observed in pH after processing. HHP resulted in significant reductions (P＜0.05) in microorganisms. The total viable counts (TVC) decreased by 1.7 lg CFU/g after treated with 600 MPa for 20 min. The treated samples maintained lower viable counts throughout the storage, while the TVC of untreated samples increased to 7.0 lg CFU/g. Therefore, HHP is effective in preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of squid.

Abstract:In this paper, the water holding capacity and color of Tan sheep were investigated under various storage temperatures. The postmortem Tan sheep preservation at 0～4 ℃ and 15 ℃, dynamic of pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity, dropping loss and meat color were measured at 1～7 d during preservation. The research results indicated that Tan sheep muscle which were preserved at 15 ℃ had fast decreasing speed of pH value, rapid speed of water holding capacity rally and worse meat color. Cooking loss of Tan sheep at 0～4 ℃ showed no significant differences from 15 ℃（P>0.05), dripping loss, water holding capacity, L*-value, and a*-value changes of Tan sheep during storage at 0～4 ℃were more significant than storage at 15 ℃(P<0.05). A positively significant correlation of pH with water holding capacity, and a negatively significant correlation with cooking loss , dripping loss and a*-value found for the 0～4 ℃. Cooking loss positively significant correlation with a*-value. Dripping loss has positively significant correlation with L*-value and a*-value. And water holding capacity has negatively significant correlation with a*-value. Therefore, storage temperature affected considerably the water holding capacity of muscles of Tan sheep. As storage time prolonged, Tan sheep presented changes in cooking loss, water holding capacity, drip loss and color, and the water holding capacity and color varied significantly depending on the pH.

Abstract:Two different cold store models, one with downward blowing fans and the other with back blowing fans, based on a medium practical cold storage were established to investigate the influence of different fans arrangement on airflow in the cold store (24.3 m×21.6 m×7.2 m). Steady-state simulation was performed by using fluent software and stacking cargos were considered as porous medium. Darcy-Forchheimer and ergun equations were used to describe the parameter of stacking cargo combined with former research. Essential analysis and comparison were also performed. The influence of different fans arrangement on stacking cargo and air flow in the cold store were investigated. A uniform velocity and temperature distribution was found in the cold store with down blowing fans. Inhomogeneous temperature distribution was found in the cold store with back blowing fans. The result of simulations showed that the uniformity of air distribution in the cold store with downward blowing fans performed better than the one with back blowing fans. High temperature region was found in the cargo area at the remote end of blowing fan. Therefore, at least in this case, conclusion can be made that downward blowing was better than that of back blowing, not only in predicted velocity and temperature value but also in the uniformity.

Abstract:The effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation on sterilization and main physical and chemical qualities of bee pollen of camellia were studied. The results showed that irradiation had obvious sterilizing effects on bee pollen of camellia, for example, the sterilizing rate reached more than 99% at the irradiation dose of 6 kGy, at 10 kGy, all the microorganism indicators of irradiation treated bee pollen of camellia met the standards which published in national code of good irradiation practice for the control of microorganism in pollen. The staphylococcus aureus and salmonella were not been found in the normal and irradiation treated samples. Moreover, Under the irradiation dose in the range of 0～10 kGy had no effects on the content of total sugar, protein, lipids, amino acids, moisture, ash and acidity in the bee pollen of camellia, while the content of vitamin C decreased significantly after the irradiation treating. The residue of pesticide, such as HCH and DDT, had not been found in the normal and irradiation treated samples. Irradiation under 10 kGy wouldn’t affect the color, state, odour and flavour significantly of the bee pollen of camellia. It was concluded that the optimal irradiation processing dose for bee pollen of camellia was in the range of 4～10 kGy.

Abstract:Lotus seed has always been regarded as precious food stuff for its rich nutrition health care ingredients and high medicinal value, but like other grains, aging deterioration also occurred during storage.Using HPLC—RI to analysis the 5 kinds of soluble sugar (sucrose, fructose, maltose, glucose and raffinose) in lotus seeds with different storage years. The results showed that the sucrose content of fresh lotus seeds was the lowest, only 0.573 g/L, but the maltose content was 0.172 g/L, the highest in fresh lotus seeds. Maltose content declined significantly after storage one year, the decrease degree is more than 87%. The value of maltose: sucrose is 0.301 in fresh lotus seed, but reduced to 0.023 and 0.018 after storage for one and five years, respectively. With the extension of storage time, the fructose content in lotus seeds increased, and glucose content did not change significantly. The total soluble sugar content increased significantly. Raffinose was not detected in lotus seed. Storage resulted the sugar content changes in lotus soluble, thus affecting its internal structure changes. The value of maltose: sucrose and the content of total soluble sugar in lotus seeds can be used as indicator of the aging degree.

Abstract:The characteristics of green peppers were investigated after treated with hot-air drying at temperatures of 55, 60, 65 and 70 ℃. Then the qualities of dried peppers were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the drying rate and decline of water activity (a_w) were faster as the hot-air drying at higher temperature. Compared with other dried peppers, the treatment dried at 70 ℃ displayed higher the preservation of chlorophyll, Vc, rehydration radio, the hardness and toughness. However, the drying time was too long when peppers dried at 55 ℃, which could cause high production costs. Considered the qualities of dried peppers, the temperature of 60 ℃ was suitable for drying pepper products.

Abstract:Technology of ultrasonic-assisted method was optimized to extract flavonoids from leaves of camellia oleifera Abel, and antioxidant activity of flavonoids was investigated. It showed that the optimized conditions were 50% ethanol of extracting solvent, 1∶20 of material-liquid ratio(m︰V), 70 ℃ of extracting temperature, 2 times under 300 W of electric power, 30 min of ultrasonic treatment time , The optimized extraction yield of total flavonoids was 47.01 mg RE/g. The extraction of flavonoids from leaves of Camellia Oleifera Abel. showed strong free- radical scavenging activities of DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl with 15.12, 21.15 and 410 μg RE/mL as IC50, respectively.

Abstract:Based on the single factor test, an Box-Benhnken design was used to optimize the parameters,Lipase TLIM dosage, bath temperature, speed of stirring, for tea seed oil enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by lipase TLIM under probe ultrasonic emulsify, and a mathematical regression model was established. The optimal parameters were obtained as follows: ultrasonic power 320 W, speed of stirring 840 r/min, reaction temperature 50.5 ℃, concentration of lipase TLIM 3.0%(as oil weight), initial pH value 8.5, reaction time 12 h. Under this conditions, the hydrolysis rate of tea seed oil reaches 73%, and has a good effect on tea seed oil enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract:After the dextran oxidized and activated by NaIO₄, two aldehyde groups were obtained by ring-opening reaction. Then, the addition reaction happened between activated dextran and SOD. The modified SOD could keep its enzyme activity effectively, and the stability of the modified SOD in acid, alkali, ethanol, and at high temperature was improved, respectively. It approved that the SOD was modified by dextran successfully through the Infrared spectrum analysis of its structure.

Abstract:Supercritical CO2 extraction method was applied to essential oil from Thuja sutchuenensis in the present study. The composition of the essential oil was identified by GC-MS. The extraction conditions were optimized by orthogonal tests. Results: The main factors influencing the extraction yield are extraction pressure, extraction temperature and extraction dynamic time. The Optimization of process: filling coefficient was 0.68, the extraction pressure and temperature were 20 MPa and 50 ℃, dynamic time was 60 min and static time was 30 min. The essential oil extraction rate were 7.20%～7.31% under this condition. 28 components were identified in the Thuja sutchuenensis, primarily terpene compounds containing Thujopsene，α-cedrol and cuparene, accounting for 45.5%, 25.41% and 7.11%, respectively.

Abstract:With extraction ratio as response from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Muzao and citrate buffer solution as the extraction solvent, ultrasonic extraction technology were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were liquid-solid ratio of 23.1︰1(V︰m), extraction temperature of 68 ℃ and extraction power of 420 W, taking citrate buffer solution at pH 5.6 as the extraction agent. Under the optimal extraction conditions, and the resultant polysaccharides yield was (67.38±0.16)%, which was close to the predicted value of 67.63%. The results demonstrated that this method was feasible, and provided reference data for the extraction of polysaccharide from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Muzao.

Abstract:Single factor and L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration, the liquid-solid ratio, and microwave power, extraction time on extraction yield of flavonoids from Osmamthus fragrans var. thunbergii flowers. The results show that the factors affecting microwave-assisted extraction yield of the flavones is extraction time, liquid-solid ratio, ethanol concentration, and microwave power in sequence. The optimum microwave -assisted extraction conditions are as follows: ethanol concentration of 50%, the liquid-solid ratio of 1︰35(m︰V), extraction time of 8×20 s and microwave power of 300 W, and the extraction rate under this condition is 20.30%.

Abstract:The experiment is designed to get the optimum technological extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from wild osmanthus-scented honey. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize conditions for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from wild osmanthus-scented honey, as main substrates. Based on the single factor experiments,the effect of solvent concentration, solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperrature on phenolic rate were conducted as well as their relationship by experimental design.The optimal conditions for extracting phenolic from wild osmanthus-scented honey were determined as ethyl acetate volume fraction 62%, liquid to solid ratio 10 mL/g, ultrasonic time of 20 min and ulrasonic temperature of 54 ℃. Under these conditions,the extraction efficiency of phenolic was 68.27 mg/10 g.

Abstract:The influence of extraction solvent, pH and the extraction conditions on the extraction ratio of anthocyanin from purple sweet potato was optimized by single experiment and 2-level factorial design. By using 2⁴ factorial design, the extraction time and temperature were identified as main factors, and the selected variables were further investigated by steepest ascent analysis and optimized by central composite design. The results indicated that hydrochloric acid with ethanol solution was the best solvent, meanwhile, the extraction temperature and time showed a higher influence to the extracting ratio. The optimized extraction ratio was obtained after 74 ℃ and 84 min, leading to the extraction ratio of 419.529 mg/100 g.

Abstract:The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of whole pumpkin powder and polysaccharide-removal pumpkin powder were studied. The results showed that: compared with the whole pumpkin powder, the reducing sugar content and porosity were decreased obviously, while the pentosan and β-carotene content were reduced slightly. The color brightness increased and yellow deepened were observed in polysaccharide-removal powder. Although the content of protein was decreased partly, the proportion of essential amino acid was increased, and the amino acid composition was more in line with the ideal model of the FAO/WHO. The scavenging capacity to DPPH was declined.

Abstract:Probiotic feed yeasts were made from the raw materials of defatted soy meal, rice hull and corn straw by solid state fermentation. The culture medium ingredients were optimized by the orthogonal experiment. The model of fermentative condition was developed by the simplex-centrioid mixture design and analyzed by the response surface analysis．The results were as follows: defatted soymeal∶rice hull∶corn straw was in the ratio 5∶2∶2. Forty grams of the raw materials were added with 4 grams of glucose，0.2 grams of （NH₄）₂SO₄ and 1× mono-microelement combination. The inoculum volum was 3.5%. The culture thickness was 1.3 cm. The ratio of water addition to raw materials was 1∶1(m/m). The fermentation temperature was 30.6 ℃ and the fermentation period was 28 h. Under the above conditions, living yeast cells was obtained at （2.92±0.05）×10⁹ CFU/g.

Abstract:The synthesis of one kind of functional syrup containing tagatose was studied with arabic gum as raw material and sodium aluminate as catalyst. The addition of sodium aluminate, reaction time and reaction temperature were studied as single factors to determine the conversion rate of tagatose. The response surface design was used to determine the optimal conditions on the basis of single factor experiment. The experimental results showed that the best reaction parameters in 100 mL hydrolysate containing 8.90 g galactose were: the addition of sodium alumnite 4.93 g, reaction time 3.5 h, reaction temperature 45 ℃. Under the above conditions, the percentage of galactose converting to tagatose was 66.18%, and the concentration of D-tagatose was 58.9 g/L in the syrup.

Abstract:In order to optimize and improve the technology parameter of the duck breast string leisure food, using ozone water control the initial number of bacteria before the sterilization of duck breast string to achieve lower heat sterilization intensity or use the purpose of irradiation sterilization. The results showed that the optimal parameters for bacterial reduction when thawing by immersing in ozone water were: thawing temperature of 10 ℃, ratio between meat and solution of 14︰100(m︰V), ozone water concentration of 7.7 mg/L and thawing duration of about 40 min. Compared with the controls, the total number of colonies in the duck breast meat was reduced from 2.7 ×10⁵ CFU/g to 1.1 ×10³ CFU/g, the number of coliform group reduced from 1 500 MPN/100 g to 90 MPN/100 g, and the value of color difference increased by 1.07. The results indicated that optimal parameters for bacterial reduction when treated by ozone water solution were: introducing ozone to the salting solution to a concentration of 0.6 mg/L, and treat for 14 min at 10 ℃. Compared with the control, the total number of colonies in salting solution was reduced from 2.3 ×10⁵ CFU/g to 0.6 ×10² CFU/g. Salting solution and duck breast strings were poured into a tumbler for forward and reverse tumbling after treated with ozone , and then they were put into a 4 ℃ cold storage for 16 hours. Compared with the control, the total number of colonies in duck breast strings using salting solution treated by ozone was reduced from 8.2 ×10³ CFU/g to 1.4 ×10³ CFU/g. The shorter heat sterilization time or using irradiation sterilization products were beneficial to retain the taste, flavor, organize, color.

Abstract:The debittering conditions of pommelo juice were improved and optimized by D101 macroporous resin. The single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were evaluated by debittering rate of naringin and limonlids, the loss rate of Vc and the sensory evaluation, and were studied with various factors, including different amount of resin, debittering temperature, debittering time, pH value and so on. The results of best debitterize conditions by D101 macroporous resin were as follows: the resin usage was 1.7%, adsorption time was 18 min, adsorption temperature was 30 ℃ and juice's pH was 3.5. Under these conditions, the debittering rate of pommelo juice was 69.91%,the loss of Vc was 25.62%.

Abstract:A high-efficiency and low-loss method was established, for decoloration of perilla leaf polysaccharide by using active charcoal. With the decoloration method of activated charcoal, the decoloration process of perilla leaf polysaccharide was optimized by using response surface methodology. The best processing conditions was determined as 0.58% activated carbon, pH 6.0, and decolorization temperature 50 ℃, decolorization time 15 min. Under those conditions, the decolorizing rate and the loss rate of polysaccharide reached 99.99% and 5.05%, respectively. The results suggested that the proposed method had ideal effect in decoloration of perilla leaf polysaccharide.

Abstract:Through the inspection of Hunan Province students 8～10 years old and the pregnant women urine iodine level and thyroid volume and salt iodine content, analysis of iodine nutrition level of residents in regions in Hunan, the current evaluation of iodized salt concentration can meet the iodine nutrition level of the people in Hunan, and provide basis for decision making of targeted scientific iodine. Through the investigation, the results showed that: in 2012 the iodized salt concentration after adjustment, Hunan province still reached the standard of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). The level of iodine nutrition of pregnant women was suitable, the rest of the population iodine nutrition level was greater than the appropriate level, but the iodine nutrition levels remained slightly larger than the optimum level, for the prevention of iodine deficiency disease was also meaningful. In 2009, 2011 and 2014 in the monitoring of 8～10 years old students median of urinary were 276.36, 270.80 and 222.80 μg/L, decreased. The median urinary iodine of pregnant women were 221.90 and 177.20 μg/L in 2011 and the 2014 monitoring, showed a sharp downward trend, but still in a suitable level. These results are consistent with the down-regulation of iodized salt concentration factors in 2011, suggesting that the iodine nutrition level in different population in our province to appropriate levels recommended in the adjustment, the implementation of the scientific iodine and on-demand iodine supplementation strategies and measures are being implemented progressively.

Abstract:The food contaminants and residues from food processing and food packaging materials are threating the food quality and safety, such as pesticide residue, veterinary drug, illegal non-food substances and organic pollutants. Therefore, the advanced modern detection methods are indispensable for food analysis. Meanwhile, the complex of food matrix and diversity of the food contaminants and residues also propose the higher requirements for food detection technology. The time of flight mass as one of the mass techniques is considered as a superior analysis technique and has been applied in food quality and safety analysis as a result of its high sensitivity and resolution. In this paper, research progresses of the time of flight mass on the detection of food additives, food contaminants and residues, illegal non-food substances, pesticide residue, veterinary drug and mycotoxin have been reviewed and its probable approaching applications have been prospected.

Abstract:The mechanism of free radical chain reaction in lipid oxidation has been summarized. In addition, the role of endogenous trace constituents, such as oxygen, water, free fatty acids, monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol, etc, on the oil oxidation has been highlighted. The existence of association colloids self-assembled by the surface active minor constituents in vegetable oil and the corresponding action on oil oxidation has all been discussed. The limiting the presence of pro-oxidants and the degrading of antioxidants should be limited strictly during oil refining, for the critical control point to enhance vegetable oil quality.

Abstract:The number of kinds and the corresponding capacities of mineral elements in milk and dairy products are key criteria to evaluate their nutritional quality. Thus choosing an efficient, sensitive and rapid detection method for mineral elements is important to the research, production, and trade of dairy products. This paper first discussed the pretreatment method for digesting milk or diary products, and then made comparisons among different detection methods, including flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption specteometry (GFAAS), hydride generation atomic absorption specteometry (HGAAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometric (AFS), atomic emission spectrometry (AES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrum (ICP—MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA), neutron activation analysis (NAA), stripping voltammetry (SV), enzyme inhibition method (EIM). Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods were shown to provide insights into the application, research and development of the mineral elements determination in milk and dairy products.

Abstract:In the process of fishing on boats, refrigeration technology has a direct impact on the nutrition and economic value of catches. Based on the analysis of different refrigeration systems and methods of cold storage, the resent research progress on refrigeration systems was summarized, which might be useful to provide the basis for the improvements and optimization design of refrigeration system on the fishing boats. At present, there were four methods to keep the catches fresh by low temperature, such as iced preservation, sea water preservation, partial freezing preservation and freezing preservation. Among them, the former three refrigerated preservation methods usually adopted single stage compression refrigeration system, while the freezing preservation commonly used double stage compression refrigeration system. Forms of evaporator in tanks of fishing boats were mainly air cooler and direct-expansion coils. Chinese fishing boats with refrigeration system often selected R22 as refrigerant, which was environmental unfriendly, looking for new environmental protection safe and efficient alternative refrigerants was also a hot spot in present research.

Abstract:Salmon has a delicious tasty and rich nutrition, but it’s perishable. Several current preservation methods such as cold storage, super-chilled storage, ice storage, controlled atmosphere were reviewed. The principles and characteristics of these methods were introduced. A review of research status in the preservation methods of salmon was analyzed, at the same time, some existing problems and future development trends of the preservation methods of salmon were also proposed.

Abstract:Fat substitutes can replace the fat of traditional ice cream, reduce heat, and promote the health of consumers. This paper reviews the research methods and results of recent research scholars to apply fat substitutes in ice cream. Forecast the problem exist and development prospects of fat substitutes.

Abstract:Food problem is a major issue related to national and social stability, but due to the constraints of various factors, food criminal regulation in Chinese exists provisions of "Criminal Law" and "Food Safety Law" lack of coordination, lack of support for food safety hazards regulation of a type of crime, lack of reasonable punishment setting and other issues. But Taiwan there are a rich experience in Taiwan, which not only focus on the convergence of food safety criminal law and other laws, but also has a wide range of criminal regulation of food safety in the penalty set Scientifically. Therefore, Chinese mainland can learn from Taiwan's experience in this area, coordinated "Criminal Law" and the contents of the food safety law, expanding the scope of criminal regulation, additional possession crimes, punishment perfect setting, additional qualifications punishment, to let criminal Regulation role play better in guaranteeing food safety.

Abstract:GM food is an important achievement in the development of biotechnology, and it has two sides as any other achievements. Taking into account the special nature of GM food, it needs to make effective legal regulation to regulate the impossible problems. Europe, Japan and other developed countries establish experimental and listing approval system, a isolation system and labeling system specifically. The US also sets up legal principle of non discrimination for supervision of GM food. Combined with the present situation of legal regulation on GM food in China, several steps should be taken, for adopting formal legislation, enacting specific workable implementation regulations and establishing industry access system, strengthening law enforcement, and adhering to the principles of law into a non discriminatory and so on, to ensure the legal regulation of GM food to regulate the special risk of it, and do not hinder the normal development of the GM industry.

Abstract:There are four major problems existing in China's food safety supervision and management. They are imperfection in the system of laws on food safety, obvious defect of current criminal law governing food safety crimes, insufficient understanding for supervisory staff to hazard of food safety crimes, absence of workable accountability system for supervisory staff who spoil their duty. Those existing problems have caused frequent crisis of food safety. To tackle these problems, a legally governing system, which should be mainly supported by the system of criminal law, needs to be established to unify names of crime for food safety crime and to perfect social supervisory preventive system.

Abstract:With the continuous development of China's economy, food security issues have become increasingly prominent. An important reason for food safety problems is the lack of corporate social responsibility. Chinese food enterprises are lack of social responsibility accounting system. The social responsibility accounting information disclosure is imperfect and weak sense of corporate social responsibility to food companies. The relevant laws are inadequate. Food companies should be part of the social responsibility of compulsory disclosure of accounting information. The government should develop and improve social responsibility accounting of relevant laws and regulations, and also should strengthen supervision and promote corporate social responsibility by social media.

Abstract:Food safety and people's life and health are closely related, its importance is self-evident. The problem of food safety in food logistics mainly in several cases includes food spoilage, chemical pollution and breakage of packing and food expiring. The reasons for these food safety problems are many and varied, not only the logistics industry itself is inefficient, too many intermediate links, technology and self-discipline ability, lack of infrastructure investment, but also the unperfect legal system, the supervision in relevant departments. Therefore, the corresponding countermeasures should be found from two aspects in national and food logistics operator. National level can improve laws and regulations, establish industry admittance and detection system, as well as investment, encourage food logistics industry to guide the scale of operation, strengthening the relevant publicity and other measures; the operator level, need to strengthen on the food supply chain management and monitoring, strengthening and food safety related technology, safety facilities investment and increasing R & D investment and other measures to ensure and improve food security food logistics in the objective.