Clausena lansium is a fruit with both medicinal and edible value, widely distributed in southern China. It is rich in polysaccharides, amino acids, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which exhibit various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, C. lansium is highly perishable and difficult to preserve. Therefore, preservation technologies such as ethylene inhibitors, low-temperature storage, film coating, and modified atmosphere packaging are applied to extend its shelf life. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the main bioactive substances, pharmacological effects, postharvest preservation, and food processing and utilization of C. lansium, and provides an outlook on its future development.