Camellia seed oil, valued for its nutritional and economic benefits, is frequently adulterated with lower-grade oils. Additionally, its quality is influenced by multiple factors, including cultivar, geographical origin, and extraction techniques. This review systematically evaluates key analytical indexes for camellia seed oil authentication, focusing on sensory characteristics, physicochemical characteristics, spectral recognition characteristics, and comparison with different methods. From an integrated perspective of identification indexes, collection methods, and identification logic, this paper reviews the research progress of portable UV spectrometers (particularly fiber-optic-based systems) in technical performance and application scope.