Objective To develop a novel packaging film to prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and improve the utilization of enoki mushroom.Methods Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were green-synthesized using enoki mushroom water extract as the reducing agent, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the dispersant, and silver nitrate solution as the silver source. A PVA-AgNP composite film with a hydrophobic surface was prepared and applied for the preservation of Hericium erinaceus.Results The optimal conditions for AgNP synthesis were pH 13, 2 g of enoki mushroom water extract, 2 g of PVA, 0.20% final concentration of silver nitrate solution, and 60 s microwave treatment. FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and contact angle analyses showed that the prepared AgNPs exhibited distinct characteristic silver crystal diffraction peaks, had interactions with the PVA film matrix, and were well dispersed within it. The composite film successfully formed a hydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 137.3°.Conclusion During H. erinaceus storage, measurements of weight loss, vitamin C content, browning degree, peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities demonstrated that the prepared PVA-AgNP composite film effectively improved preservation quality, exhibiting good preservation effects and promising potential applications.