The non-degradable nature of traditional petroleum-based packaging materials has led to environmental pollution and food safety concerns, with microplastic pollution emerging as a global challenge. Biomass-based food packaging materials, owing to their renewability, biodegradability, and design flexibility, represent a significant technological pathway to address these issues. Existing food packaging materials still exhibit shortcomings in environmental friendliness, food safety, and functional diversity. This article reviews the development strategies and application domains of biomass-based food packaging materials, highlighting their inherent effectiveness and limitations. It further explores research advances in novel food packaging materials characterized by multifunctionality and intelligent properties.