Nanomaterials, distinguished by their exceptional antimicrobial properties, mechanical performance, stability, and intelligent monitoring functions, have long driven innovation in food packaging and are regarded as promising alternatives to traditional food packaging and preservation materials. This review systematically discusses the application of nanomaterials in food safety and preservation packaging, with a focus on recent advances, the current status of integrated technology applications, and the technological bottlenecks encountered. It also highlights the limitations of current research and looks ahead to the future direction of nanotechnology in food packaging.