Polysaccharides in edible mushrooms possess biological activities such as immunomodulation, antioxidant effects, anticancer properties, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction has gained attention as a novel method for polysaccharide extraction. This article outlines the composition, synthesis methods, and important properties of DES, summarizes and discusses research on polysaccharide extraction from edible mushrooms using DES in China and abroad, and further explores the limitations of the DES extraction method.