Food-derived bioactive peptides play an immunoregulation role by regulating signal pathways and influencing the expression of cytokines in vivo. This review summarizes immunoregulatory effects of the food-derived protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides on cells, animal models and human beings, and the immune mechanism of food-derived bioactive peptides in different models is explained. Finally, the future application of bioactive peptides is prospected.