This review summarized the research progress on the sources, analytical methods and levels of contamination of chloropropanol and glycidyl esters (GES), chlorates, perchlorate, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), acrylamide, mineral oils, perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFASs) in infant milk powder, and the advantages and disadvantages of detection technology and the domestic and abroad pollution status at about new POPs of infant milk powder were also discussed. Moreover, the development and types of emerging POPs detection techniques for infant milk powder were also prospected.