Objective: To study the effect of Vitis amurensis. anthocyanins on cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcoholism. Methods: The mice were divided into blank group, model group, low-dose and high-dose groups treated by anthocyanins from V. amurensis. The model of chronic alcoholism was established and intervened with anthocyanin from V. amurensis. Morris water maze and step-down test, antioxidant stress and cholinergic system related indexes were measured, and the hippocampal slices were observed. Results: After anthocyanins intervention, the escape latency of water maze test was shortened by 41.38%, the total swimming distance was shortened by 28.53%, the first stage time was shortened by 27.00%, the times of crossing the stage was increased to （3.00±2.55） times, the residence time in the fourth quadrant was increased by 21.13%, the percentage of distance in the fourth quadrant was increased to 24.24%, the platform jumping latency was prolonged by 26.39% and 26.61%, the number of errors was reduced to （3.38±0.92） and （2.63±0.74） times. Moreover, the levels of total superoxide dismutase （8.62% and 6.80%）, catalase （25.34% and 17.39%）, glutathione （28.14% and 3.57%）, glutathione peroxidase （16.14% and 25.85%） were increased and malondialdehyde was decreased by 21.24% and 27.70% in serum and hippocampus. Acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampus was decreased and the acetylcholine content was increased. Conclusion: Anthocyanins from V. amurensis could improve the ability of anti-oxidative stress in mice with chronic alcoholism, resist cholinergic injury effectively, promote neurotransmission and cognitive impairment.