In this paper, the applications of new physical fields such as ultrasonic field, microwave field and electric field in starch modification and the changes of starch multi-scale structure were reviewed, and the future green and safe production direction of modified starch was prospected. It is pointed out that electron beam radiation has important application potential in dry modification of starch. Exploring the influence law and mechanism of multi-scale structure of irradiated starch is helpful to promote the green and intelligent manufacture of modified starch.