To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the rapid determination of four synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA, TBHQ, and Ionox-100) in seven kinds of edible vegetable oils by QuEChERS assisted with ultrasonic extraction and purification. After ultrasonic extraction with acetonitrile, the samples were purified by QuEChERS technology, DB-35MS capillary column (30 m × 0.250 mm × 0.25 μm) was used for separation of analytes and ion monitoring (SIM) mode was selected for determination. The analytes were quantified by external standard method. The results indicated that the linear range of synthetic antioxidants was 0.5~20.0 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient (R²) was greater than 0.999, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.4%~4.5%, and the detection limit was 0.05 mg/kg, with the recovery 84.1%~108.0%. The results of quality control samples used for verification were also satisfactory. The method is suitable for rapid screening and determination of antioxidant content in edible vegetable oil.