The subcellular distribution of aluminium in seaweed and tea leaves was analyzed by differential centrifugation with microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The results showed that the proportion of aluminium in cell wall, organelle and cytoplasm of tea leaves were 78.4%, 11.2% and 9.5%, respectively; the proportion of aluminium in cell wall, organelle and cytoplasm of seaweed were 91.60%, 6.95% and 1.33%, respectively. Using transmission electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy, surface scanning analysis was carried out on the distribution of aluminum in the single cell of tea leaves and seaweed, intuitively revealing that aluminum was mainly distributed in the cell wall of tea leaves and seaweed. The extraction of aluminium from tea leaves, seaweed and its subcellular components by simulated gastric juice was studied. The extraction rate of aluminium in tea leaves was about 9.0%, but the extraction rate of its subcellular components was less than 3.0%. The extraction rate of aluminum in seaweed and its subcellular components was less than 1.5%, suggesting that the food safety risk of ingestion of aluminum in tea and seaweed was low.