Based on the theory of modern risk regulation and the existing research results at home and abroad, this paper discusses the bacteriophage as a kind of food antimicrobial agent from the perspective of risk assessment and risk regulation. In previous studies on risk assessment, no obvious adverse effects and side effects of phages on the environment, animals and human body were found. As an antibacterial agent, bacteriophage has shown good antibacterial effects in fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy products and seafood, with a very broad application prospect. However, while complying with the application research trend of bacteriophage food antimicrobial agents, it is necessary to face up to the possible risks of bacteriophage being used in large quantities, and conduct scientific and prudent risk regulation.