Environmental monitoring during transportation is the key of fresh food supply-chain management. It provides important information for assessing food quality and predicting shelf life. Based on Zigbee standard wireless sensor network (WSN), a real-time monitoring system for fresh food supply chain was developed and designed in this study, and the configurable architecture and network switching scheme of integrated sensors was also improved to meet the practical application requirements. In terms of performance, the tree topology wireless sensor network system of 192 terminal devices and star topology wireless sensor network system of 80 terminal devices were implemented and evaluated. The test results showed that the success rate of data communication was over 99%. The results of theoretical analysis and practical measurement showed that the function and life of terminal equipment were enough to meet the application of supply chain monitoring.