To investigate the sterilization and preservation by radiation on the shrimp Solenocera melantho, the total number of colonies, TVB-N, pH value, amino acids, heavy metal content were measured. The results showed that 1 kGy irradiation dose could kill most of the microorganisms. The higher the irradiation dose was, the stronger the bactericidal effect did. Although the irradiation did not affect the TVB-N in the Solenocera melantho, but the TVB-N decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. The pH value of the irradiated shrimp decreased first and then rose, and the rising speed was higher than the unirradiated sample. The rate of increase in total amino acid content of the shrimps irradiated by 7 kGy reached 7.3%. Less than 20 kGy irradiation in the shrimps, the metal elements were not obvious.