In order to improve the situation on low number of living bacterium and the weak strain effect on Bifidobacterium adolescentis in fermented products, the anaerobic B. adolescentis was oxygen-resistant domesticated, by using anaerobic and aerobic alternating domesticated method, and the partial pressure of oxygen in the culture medium of B. adolescentis was gradually increased in the process of acclimation. The physiological characteristics before and after the domestication of B. adolescentis was determinated and the effects on its proliferation of the soybean oligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharide and oligomeric maltose were compared. The results showed that the sensitive degree to oxygen in B. adolescentis after domestication decreased, growth ability under aerobic conditions reached standard and capacity of producing acid improved. Bacterial morphology was not changed before and after the domestication. Compared to anaerobic B. adolescentis, the ratio of acetic acid to lactic acid produced by B. adolescentis metabolism was more suitable in fermentation process. Among the three oligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharide had obvious effect on the proliferation of B. adolescentis and could be used as a good bifidus factor. The oxygen-resistant B. adolescentis has excellent physiological characteristics, which can be used as a potential kinds of probiotics for further studying its function and applied in fermented food.