Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were studied about their the tolerance and adsorption of lead. The single-factor experiments were carried out by pH, the initial amount of bacteria and the initial lead concentration. The process of two strains combined with lead ion was simulated by thermodynamics and kinetic models. The state of lead ion was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that two strains had good tolerance to lead. The optimal conditions of adsorption were as follows: pH was 6, initial amount of bacteria was 1 g/L, initial concentration of lead was 50 mg/L, and the adsorption rates of lead were 97.44% and 96.87%, respectively. Langmuir-Freundlich model was more suitable than the Langmuir and Freundlich ones. Pseudo second order model had dominance in comparison to pseudo first order model. It showed that the mechanism of two strains combined with lead was chemical adsorption and physical adsorption.