The effects of fermented and unfermented Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharide on the physical fatigue alleviation in mice was investigated in this study. 56 male SPF class Kunming mice were fed with different doses of polysaccharides, and their body weight, exhaustive swimming time and related anti-fatigue evaluating indexes were measured after treated for 4 weeks. Tests showed that, compared with the normal control group, the mice fed with the polysaccharides from fermented and unfermented Ziziphus jujuba had a prolonged exhaustive swimming time. The percentage elongation was 32.01% for the high-dose unfermented jujuba polysaccharide treated group, and the percentage elongation was 47.98% for the medium dose of the fermented one. The effect of the medium-dose fermented jujuba polysaccharide on alleviating physical fatigue was remarkable, and the content of hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased. Moreover, the content of urea nitrogen, lactic acid and the activity of creatine kinase decreased. The polysaccharides from both fermented and unfermented Ziziphus jujuba had the effect of relieving the physical fatigue in mice, and the effect of medium-dose of the fermented group on alleviating physical fatigue was more remarkable.