In order to selectively reduce the release amount of aldehyde compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke, the acetylated acetylated cellulose was synthesized on the base of microcrystalline cellulose. According to the aldehyde reduction effect, the synthesis conditions were optimized, and then the synthesized material were added in the cigarette filter tip.Results (1) The optimum synthesis conditions of acetylated acetylated cellulose were: cellulose ion concentration 5%, derivatization reagent molar ratio of diketenecellulose=21, the reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 110 ℃, DMAP as catalyst. (2) When the acetylated acetylated cellulose material were added a dual-filter of cigarette at the amount of 30 mg/cig, the release of aldehyde compounds in the mainstream smoke was reduced by 21.6%, while conventional mainstream smoke indexes and sensory quality not changed obviously, which showed that the material had perfectly selectively adsorption aldehyde compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke.