Zanthoxylum was used as the material. Combined cellulase hydrolysis with response surface method to optimize the Zanthoxylum oleoresin (Z瘙簚oleoresin) extraction process. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of Z瘙簚oleoresin as follows: 50% ethanol as extractant, cellulase dosage was 62.3 mg/L, enzymolysis time was 2.3 h, enzymolysis temperature was 50 ℃, liquid ratio was 47.41(mL/g). In this condition, the extraction efficiency of Z瘙簚oleoresin was 37.22%. A total of 47 compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Main ingredients were D-limonene, linalool, lauricacid, limonene glycol, alpha-terpineol, ascaridole, citronellyl myristate, xanthoxylin, etc.