The essential oils of Yichang honeyorange peel were extracted by subcritical fluid extraction, and the headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) method was applied to analysis the volatile components and fatty acids. O/W-type essential oil microemulsion was prepared by using SE-15 as emulsifier to determine the optimum amount of emulsifier, optimum ratio of oil-to-water and optimum homogenization condition of emulsifier for stable microemulsion. The results showed that the yield of essential oil was 1% by subcritical fluid extraction. And the volatile components in essential oil were mainly composed of hydrocarbons compounds and acid compounds, accounting for 58.68% and 40.34% of the total, respectively. GC-MS analysis of fatty acids showed that the essential oils mainly include unsaturated fatty acids, which account for 77.35%. linoleic acid account for 37.80% of the total. Saturated fatty acid mainly included palmitic acid, accounting for 14.18%. To prepare the homogeneous microemulsion, the optimum emulsifier content is 6%, the optimum quality ratio of oil to water is 125, the optimum homogenization condition is: pressure 50 MPa, the number is 4 times.