The volatile oil of domestic and wild Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant was extracted with steam distillation, and the chemical compositions were analysed by GC-MS, the chemical composition difference of the volatile oil between the domestic and wild A. argyi Levl. et Vant were compared as well. The results showed that 109 kinds of volatile components were isolated from the stems and leaves of A. argyi Levl. et Vant, and the domestic and wild Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant shared 12 kinds of volatile components. The main volatile components were terpenoid, and their total contents in the stems of domestic and wild Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant was 66.352% and 51.473% respectively. While the total contents of terpenoid in the leaves of domestic and wild A. argyi Levl. et Vant were 74.336% and 73.186%, respectively. Trough the principle component analyses, the main volatile chemicals of domestic and wild A. argyi Levl. et Vant were the plant ketone, farnesene, pinene, eucalyptus oil, camphor, caryophyllene, and myrcene.