Using the response surface method, the process conditions of ultrasonic-asssisted extraction peanut red pigment from the peanuts red skin was optimized. Based on the single factor experiment, Plackett-Burman experiment design and the steepest ascent experiment, with peanut red pigment comprehensive extraction effect value as a response, using the response surface method studied the factors and their interactions of peanuts red pigment extraction effect, the prediction model was established. The results showed that the optimun conditions for ultrasonic assisted extraction of peanut red pigment are as follows: ethanol as solvent, ethanol concentration 68%, solid-liquid ratio 130 (g/mL), working at 55 ℃ for 27 min. In this condition, we found that the extraction rate of peanut red pigment 21.6%, the color value 34.6, the Proanthocyanidins yield 17.77 mg/g, and the result is 24.65. Our empirical test results showed that a successful response model of peanut red pigment was established.