To develop a quantum dotsb(QDs) immune chromatographic strip test for rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Water soluble QDs was electrostatic coupled with mouse anti- Escherichia coli O157:H7 monoclonal antibody and mouse anti- Escherichia coli O157:H7 and rabbit anti-mouse IgG were marking on the NC membrane as test line and control line, respectively. The rapid detection of immune chromatographic strip test paper was based on double antibody sandwich. With the immune chromatographic strip test, only 5 min was needed for detection. The limit of detection was 1×10⁴ CFU/mL. No cross-reactivity was found with 8 kinds of common food borne pathogens. The QDs immune chromatographic strip test offers a rapid and sensitive tool for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7