Objective To investigate the effects of the surface technical parameters of the toothed roller in a 1B roller mill on the wheat grinding process and to optimize these surface technical parameters.Methods The grinding process of the toothed roller was simulated using Rocky DEM software. Tooth angle, sharpness angle, tooth tip width, and inclination were selected as variables to analyze their effects on wheat scraping rate and wear loss. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments combined with matrix analysis were comprehensively applied to systematically evaluate the experimental results.Results The optimal combination of surface technical parameters for the 1B toothed roller, which resulted in minimum wear loss while maintaining a relatively high scraping rate, was a tooth angle of 110°, sharpness angle of 40°, tooth tip width of 0.4 mm, and inclination of 3%. The degree of influence of the surface technical parameters of the toothed roller on scraping rate and wear loss, in descending order, was inclination, sharpness angle, tooth angle, and tooth tip width.Conclusion Through multi-index orthogonal experimental matrix analysis and evaluation, the optimization of the surface technical parameters of the toothed roller was completed and a regression equation was constructed, effectively improving the grinding performance of the roller mill while reducing the wear loss of the toothed roller.