With the global population growth and increasing pressure on resources and the environment, traditional meat production methods face severe challenges. In contrast, artificial meat, a sustainable meat substitute, has received widespread attention in recent years. As an additive manufacturing technology for the precision construction of food structures, food 3D printing technology has shown great application potential in artificial meat. This paper reviews the application progress of food 3D printing technology in artificial meat manufacturing, focusing on artificial meat 3D printing technology based on plant protein and cell culture. Additionally, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by food 3D printing technology in artificial meat manufacturing, including the development and optimization of printing materials, consumer demand and sensory characteristics, and the application limitations of artificial meat 3D printing technology, with an outlook for food 3D printing technology in promoting the artificial meat industry development.