The article summarizes the various application scenarios of terahertz spectroscopy technology in the food industry, analyzing its effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages in different applications. In food traceability, this technology combines spectral and image signals to achieve precise predictions through mathematical models, effectively identifying issues such as food adulteration. In component detection, through qualitative and quantitative analyses, terahertz technology enables the detection of pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, and food additives to ensure food safety. For quality monitoring, the technology can leverage spectral absorption characteristics and integrate them with mathematical models to monitor quality changes, such as oil oxidation and mold growth in agricultural products.