Objective: This study aimed to establish a rapid screening method for 57 drugs illegally added to medicinal and edible food. Methods: Extracted samples were purified by QuEhERS pretreatment technology, and 57 kinds of illegal addition of drugs were separated by Waters BEH C18 column. Acetonitrile-water was used as a mobile phase for gradient elution. Mass spectrometry electrospray and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used for detection and analysis. Results: The established method had good linearity, and the correlation coefficients (R2) of 57 kinds of illegal addition of drugs were all greater than 0.99. The limits of detection were 0.03~0.10 μg/kg. The average recoveries were 79.4%~92.6%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.86%~5.61%. Conclusion: The method is stable and sensitive and suitable for rapid qualitative and quantitative screening of 57 kinds of illegally added drugs in medicinal and edible food.