In order to determine the nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of melon seed oil, the oil was extracted from the dried Leping melon seeds seed by solvent method, and its basic physical and chemical indexes were measured. The fatty acid composition, triglyceride, tocopherol, and sterol composition of melon seed oil were analyzed by the method of GC(gas chromatography) and LC(liquid chromatography), and its antioxidant activity was evaluated. The results showed that the basic physical and chemical indexes of Leping melon seed oil met the national standard of edible oil; fatty acid analysis revealed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid was 83.16%, of which the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid were 12.8% and 69.9%, respectively, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids reaches 70.277%; the triglyceride composition was determined with 16 kinds of triglycerides, of which unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides, namely LLL, OLO, OLL, and PLO, accounted for about 85% of the total triglycerides. The sterol content reached 4 154.49 mg/kg, with the highest content of sitosterol; the tocopherol content was 951 mg/kg, mainly α- and γ-tocopherols, and rich in mineral elements; and the ability of DPPH free radical scavenging was 92.31%, which showed it had good oxidation resistance ability.