In order to establish a double antibody sandwich ELISA method for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of peanut allergenic protein Ara h 1. Taking Ara h 1 murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) as capture antibody, and Ara h 1 rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) as detection antibody, the checkerboard method was used to optimize the antibody working concentration to establish the method, and the detection characteristics were identified, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and stability of the method. Results: The optimal working concentrations of mAb and pAb were 1∶10 000 and 1∶8 000 dilution, respectively. The linear range of the ELISA standard curve was 4~256 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 4.16 ng/mL. The average recovery ranged from 85.9% to 94.5%, and there was no cross reaction with other common allergenic proteins. In addition, the detection results stable within 90 days under the condition of 4 ℃ in the dark and sealed. The established double antibody sandwich ELISA method is sensitive, specific, accurate and stable, which can be used for the rapid screening of peanut allergenic protein Ara h 1.