In order to investigate the effect of ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray and electron beam irradiation on the microbial property and qualities of black broken tea, different doses of 60Co-gamma ray irradiation and electron beam irradiation were used to irradiate black broken tea, and the effects of ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray irradiation and electron beam irradiation on microorganism, quality composition and sensory quality of black broken tea were studied. The results showed that both ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray irradiation and electron beam irradiation could effectively inhibit the microbial pollution in black broken tea. It was found that the ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray irradiation D10 of bacteria was 1.70 kGy, and the electron beam irradiation D10 of bacteria was 2.66 kGy. No obvious influence on the water extraction and amino acid of black broken tea was found after the irradiation treatment, while the content of tea polyphenols and caffeine were reduced, and the content of soluble sugar increased. The ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray irradiation could increase the ash content of black broken tea, while the electron beam irradiation had no significant influence on it. Compared with the two irradiation methods at similar doses, the effect of ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray irradiation on the microbicidal efficacy and ash content was stronger than that of electron beam irradiation. However, the effect of electron beam irradiation on tea polyphenols, caffeine and soluble sugar was greater than that of ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray irradiation. Therefore, some differences of the effects between the ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray and electron beam irradiations on the hygienic quality of black broken tea were found, and their applications should be further analyzed and determined.