Dimension detection of micro parts was proposed based on universe quantum algorithm. The operation efficiency of the quantum algorithm was improved by using the master-slave space structure, and the edge of micro-parts was detected by non-orthogonal quadratic B-spline wavelet and least square wavelet support vector regression, with the dimension detection of micro parts process. Experimental simulation showed that the universe quantum algorithm had smaller fluctuation range for the dimension measurement data of micro parts, and the variance value was lower than other methods. The measurement variance of outer wheel diameter reduced 75.29%, 78.40%, 64.47%, 60.95% and 52.15%, respectively, comparing with HI, MM, AIT, IF, and IGR algorithm. Morepver, the measurement variance of inner wheel diameter reduced 72.89%, 76.75%, 62.66%, 59.22% and 50.13%, respectively, comparing with HI, MM, AIT, IF, and IGR algorithm. The precision measurement of micro parts was improved, with the new method for quality dimension detection of micro-parts.