To evaluate the food safety of sika deer antler blood freeze-dried powder, the acute toxicity test in mice, and the 30-day feeding and three genotoxicity tests in rats were conducted. The effects of sika deer antler blood freeze-dried powder on alleviating physical fatigue in mice were studied by weight-bearing swimming in the tails, determination of the urea level in serum, the glycogen reserve in liver and the lactic acid level in serum before and after the exercises. Results: the freeze-dried powder of sika deer antler blood was a substance without toxicity according to the acute toxicity test (MTD>15 g/kg·BW). The dosage 0.6, 1.3, and 2.0 g/(kg·BW·d) of freeze-dried powder of sika deer antler blood did not affect the body weight, food intake, blood routine and blood biochemical indexes of rats in 30 days feeding test. The results of three genotoxicity tests were negative. The time of weight-bearing swimming of 0.6 g/kg·BW·d) group was longer than that of the negative control group. The hepatic glycogen reserve of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.6 g/(kg·BW·d) groups was higher than that of the negative control group. The area under the curve of blood lactate change in 0.6 g/(kg·BW·d) group was lower than that in the negative control group. These differences have a statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion: The freeze-dried powder of sika deer antler blood was safe to eat and had the function of alleviating physical fatigue.