To evaluate the dietary risk level of pesticide residues in muskmelon in Xinjiang and identify the types of pesticide residues with relatively high risks. Based on the research of 127 muskmelon samples of the 2-year-producing in Xinjiang, 60 kinds of pesticide residues were analyzed by chronic, and the acute dietary exposure assessment, and the dietary risk levels were evaluated. Moreover, the usage of veterinary drug residue council sort veterinary drug residue risk matrix, and the pesticide residue in high-risk types were discussed. The results showed that 10 kinds of pesticide residues, icluding phenyl ether metronidazole, chlorpyrifos, chlordimeform, and chlorphenidine, were detected in the melon samples, and the detection rate ranged from 0.79% to 22.05%. The risk of chronic dietary intake (%ADI) and acute dietary intake (%ARfD) of pesticide residues in different populations were significantly lower than 100%. The risk scores of chlorpyrifos, phenyl ether metronidazole, and dinitrile were 24.03, 18.12 and 18.05, respectively, showing higher than those of other pesticide residues. Most importantly, chlorpyrifos and phenyl ether metronidazole were high-risk residual pesticides, and we need to be very careful of the usage of them.