In order to identify the inferior oat samples, and the samples from different local and imported brands, a nondestructive identification method based on near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics methods was proposed. Spectra of five different brands of oat samples and inferior samples were obtained. Continuous wavelet transform was used for the baseline elimination. Wavenumber selection based on the standard deviation and relative standard deviation was discussed for improving the accuracy of the method, and 15 informative wavenumbers were obtained. Principal component analysis method was used for classification. The results showed that the baseline elimination was achieved by continuous wavelet transform method. Acceptable classification can be achieved with the help of principal component analysis and informative wavenumber selection. It shows that the near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods can be used to the rapid identification of the oat samples of different brands and inferior.