Summarizes the research progress in the extraction, refining, and anti-oxidation of silkworm pupal oil in China and abroad in recent years. Regarding with the technical problems that restrict the development of industry, such as deacidification，deodorization and so on, this paper presents the key research directions in the future in this field. Based on the existing research, analyze the lipid composition characteristics of silkworm pupal oil, develop special extraction and refining technology for silkworm pupal oil in the future, especially enzymatic deacidification and low-temperature deodoriza-tion technology; study the anti-oxidation technology which is suitable for silkworm pupal oil, develop a silkworm pupal oil products with better oxidation stability.