In order to fast evaluate the hygiene situation of electronic cigarette liquids, the fast examination of total colony numbers in electronic cigarette liquids has been achieved which was based on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method.The method has been optimized, and the examination results of total colony by ATP method was compared with the results by National standard microbial detection method . Results showed: (1) the optimal temperature for ATP examination was 25 ℃, optimal time for bioluminescence reaction was 30 s, the detection limit of ATP was 2.36 × 10^-12 mol/L, RSD was 3.5%～8.2%, and the sample recovery rate was 97%～108%. (2) Samples with low Colony-Forming Units (CFU) were examined after enriching with filtration membrane. Mixed cellulose esterfiltration membrane had better enrichment effect than poly-carbonate membrane and cellulose acetate membrane. It showed good logarithmically linear correlation between the fluorescent light after membrane filtration and thetotal colony before filtration ( r²＞0.96 ). There was no significant deference on the total colony numbers calculated between the ATP method and standard plate count method (P＞0.05). And the evaluation results of electronic cigarette liquids are identical. Therefore, ATP bioluminescence method could instantly calculate the total colony numbers in e-liquids, which was constructive in safety and hygiene risk evaluation in electronic cigarette industry.