烹饪方式对猪肉品质及营养成分的影响
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(西南大学动物科学学院,重庆 402460)

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章杰(1985—),男,西南大学讲师,博士。E-mail:zhangjie813@163.com

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中央高校基本科研业务费专项(编号:XDJK2015C125)


Effect of cooking methods on the quality and nutritive contents of pork
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(College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China)

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    摘要:

    以猪背最长肌肉为研究对象,比较分析烹饪方式(蒸、煮、炸和烤)对其肉品质、常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响。结果显示:与新鲜对照相比,烹饪加工后pH值、水分含量显著降低(P<0.05);硬度、弹性、黏着性、灰分和粗蛋白、PUFA含量显著提高(P<0.05);炸和微波的烹饪损失率显著高于蒸、煮和烘烤的(P<0.05);煮的灰分含量无显著变化(P>0.05),其它烹饪方式均显著升高(P<0.05);炸的粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),其它烹饪处理均显著升高(P<0.05);烘烤显著降低了TAA含量(P<0.05),其它烹饪方式均显著提高(P<0.05);烘烤的DAA和EAA含量无显著变化(P>0.05),其它烹饪方式均显著提高(P<0.05);所有处理的EAA/TAA达到40.00%,EAA/NEAA>67.00%;烹饪处理后必需氨基酸评分基本大于FAO/WHO计分模式,第一限制性氨基酸均为Val。说明烹饪处理对猪肉物理性质有不利影响,但可不同程度提高其营养价值。因此,日常生活中要根据实际需求选择适宜的烹饪方式,达到合理膳食的目的。

    Abstract:

    The effects were andyzed, including different various methods (steaming, boiling, frying and baking) on meat quality, routine nutrient composition, amino acid and fatty acid content of pork. The results showed that the pH value and water content after cooking were significantly lower than those of fresh control (P<0.05), while, the hardness, elasticity, adhesion, ash, crude protein and PUFA content were significantly increased (P<0.05). The cooking loss rate of frying and microwave was significantly higher than that of steaming, boiling and baking (P<0.05). The ash content of boiling have no significant change (P>0.05), while the other cooking methods were significantly increased (P<0.05). The fat content of frying significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the other cooking methods were significantly increased (P<0.05). The baking significantly reduced the TAA content (P<0.05), while the other cooking methods were significantly increased (P<0.05). The contents of DAA and EAA in baking were not significantly changed (P>0.05), but the other cooking were significantly increased (P<0.05). The EAA/TAA ratio of all cooking methods reached 40.00% and EAA/NEAA>67.00%. The essential amino acid score after cooking was much larger than the FAO/WHO scoring model, and the first restricted amino acid was Val. Cooking treatment had an adverse impact on the physical properties of pork, but could improve its nutritional value in different degrees. Therefore, appropriate cooking methods should be selected according to the actual needs to achieve a purpose of reasonable diet in daily life.

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引用本文

章杰,何航,熊子标.烹饪方式对猪肉品质及营养成分的影响[J].食品与机械,2018,34(6):21-25,29.
ZHANGJie, HEHang, XIONGZibiao. Effect of cooking methods on the quality and nutritive contents of pork[J]. Food & Machinery,2018,34(6):21-25,29.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-12-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-03-17
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