The polysaccharides were extracted from Radix Glehniae, by using hot water extraction, ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, lye extraction, acid extraction and cellulase extraction, and the corresponding polysaccharide was GLP-W, GLP-U, GLP-M, GLP-L, GLP-A and GLP-E. The extraction rate, soluble sugar content, viscosity, structural characteristics, solid morphology, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity of each polysaccharide were measured. The results showed: the extraction rates of polysacchar-ides were GLP-A(39.62%)＞GLP-E(38.33%)＞GLP-L(24.80%)＞GLP-W(23.93%)＞GLP-M(18.92%)＞GLP-U(12.68%); The viscosity of the polysaccharide solution by different extraction methods were increased with the increase of polysaccharide solution concentration, and at the same concentration, GLP-L had the largest viscosity. The content of soluble sugar was GLP-A(74.05%)＞GLP-L(67.57%)＞GLP-W(65.41%)＞GLP-U(63.25%)＞GLP-E(33.03%)＞GLP-M(28.71%). The antioxidant activity and the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase showed that, with the increase of polysaccha-ride concentration, the activity gradually increased. However, when the concentration reached a certain range, the activity tended to be stable. Ultrasonic extraction of R. Glehniae polysaccharide scavenging of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals was the highest, and the IC₅₀ were 3.091 mg/mL and 1.999 mg/mL, respectively; The strongest inhibition of α-glucosidase was obtained by alkali extraction, the IC₅₀ was 1.437 mg/mL.