Objective To established a method to determine 46 elements in Osmanthus fragrans by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods HNO₃-H₂O₂ was used to decompose Osmanthus fragrans with microwave digestion. ICP-OES was applied to determine the elements of Na, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca and Fe, the others (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, V, Zn and 15 kinds of rare earth elements) were determined by ICP-MS. Results Determination limits of ICP-OES were in the range of 0.68～18.10 μg/L while ICP-MS were in the range of 0.001～0.093 μg/L. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 0.84%～8.42%, and the recoveries of 46 trace elements were in the range of 87.2%～113.6%. The proposed method was applied in the analysis of reference material bush branch and leaf \[GBW07603 (GSV-2)\], giving results in consistency with the certified values. The analytical results showed that large amounts of elements were embodied in Osmanthus fragrans. There were 13 kinds of elements with their contents in Osmanthus fragrans more than 10 mg/kg, the contents of beneficial elements Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Fe and Zn and harmful elements Al, Ni, Ba and Pb in Osmanthus fragrans were high. Conclusion This analysis method was simple, rapid, accurate and could be applied for simultaneous determination of elements in Osmanthus fragrans.