The principle of food safety social co-governance was put forward in the newly revised and implemented China Food Safety Law, which points out the development direction for the food safety governance in China. The public, as the main participant of the food safety social co-governance, is the inevitable choice of the food safety governance in theory and practice. Currently, the atmosphere for the public participation in the food safety social co-governance is also gradually coming into being, but the public participation still is faced with many problems such as the low degree of the organization, lack of interactivity in participation, and imperfect regulations, etc. Therefore, the improving of the related safeguard mechanism on the public participation in the food safety social co-governance can increase the efficiency of the food safety governance, and promote the development of the food safety social co-governance practice.