In order to reveal the preference and adaptability of different cellulose-producing species for the carbon source, the influences of carbon sources on Komagataeibacter spp. (K. nataicola, K. hansenii and K. europaeus) for growth, metabolism and BC synthesis were studied. The main results were as follows: the BC production was the largest by K. europaeus with fructose as the carbon source, while K. nataicola and K. hansenii with glucose as the carbon source. In addition, the results showed that the ability to synthesize BC by different species was not consistent with the cell biomass, gluconic acid and carbon source consumption, and it indicated that the carbon source consumption and the BC production were not necessary to be relevant to cell growth, but to be properly balanced. Therefore, it is not only very necessary to select the appropriate carbon source for different species, but also can provide a useful reference for the selection of suitable species and improving the utilization efficiency of the specific raw materials for BC production.