In order to better carry out the prophylaxis and treatment work of grape diseases, and reduce economic losses caused by diseases, the diseases survey in Lixian County vineyards in the northwest of Hunan was put up by the system observation and general survey method, and relevant books searching, experts consultation. The results were as follows: The grape had 13 kinds of diseases in Liyang Plain. The main diseases were downy mildew, gray mold, fruit cracking, penicillium and soft rot. The diseases reached the peak in July and August. Differences lies in disease resistance of different grape varieties, and the strong disease resistance grape varieties were: Karen nuclear-free, Ruby and Victoria. The diseases of grape mainly affected by grape varieties, environmental conditions, soil fertility, production management, storage conditions, etc. Control these factors, grape diseases can be effectively controlled.